基于BB84协议的量子保密通信在城市轨道交通的应用分析
田冰
Application Analysis of Quantum Secure Communication Based on BB84 Protocol in Urban Rail Transit
TIAN Bing
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作者信息:中铁第一勘察设计院集团有限公司， 710043， 西安
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Affiliation:China Railway First Survey and Design Institute Group Co., Ltd., 710043, Xi’an, China
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关键词:
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Key words:
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DOI:10.16037/j.1007-869x.2024.04.010
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中图分类号/CLCN:U231.7
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栏目/Col:学术专论
摘要:
［目的］城市轨道交通关键信息系统通常采用经典密码学算法进行数据加密。量子信息学的发展对经典密码学的信息安全性造成了极大的威胁，因此有必要对量子保密通信在城市轨道交通场景下的应用进行研究。［方法］介绍了量子保密通信的基本原理及基于BB84协议的量子密钥分发原理。基于BB84协议的密钥分发流程，构建了基于城市轨道交通的量子保密通信的基本结构，对有无监听2种情况下密钥的生成过程进行了举例说明。提出了2种适用于城市轨道交通量子保密通信的组网方案，并分析在城市轨道交通场景下量子保密通信应用中需要注意的问题。［结果及结论］基于BB84协议的量子保密通信体系适用于城市轨道交通关键信息系统的数据加密。该技术应用于城市轨道交通时，选择分散加密还是集中加密方式，应结合被加密系统的数据流量及流向予以确定。需重点关注量子保密通信系统的成码率、设备可靠性、鲁棒性。
Abstracts:
［Objective］ Critical information systems in URT (urban rail transit) usually use classical cryptographic algorithms for data encryption. The development of quantum information science poses a significant threat to the security of classical cryptography. Therefore, it is necessary to study the application of quantum secure communication in URT context. ［Method］ The basic principles of quantum secure communication and the quantum key distribution principle based on the BB84 protocol are introduced. Based on the distribution process of the BB84 protocol, the basic structure of URT quantum secure communication is constructed. The generation process is illustrated with examples in scenarios with and without monitoring. Two network schemes suitable for URT quantum secure communication are proposed, and issues to be considered in the application of quantum secure communication in URT scenarios are analyzed. ［Result & Conclusion］ The quantum secure communication system based on the BB84 protocol is suitable for encrypting data in URT critical information systems. When applying this technology to URT, the choice between decentralized and centralized encryption methods should be determined based on the data traffic and flow direction of the encrypted systems. Attention should be focused on the code rate, device reliability, and robustness of the quantum secure communication system.
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