跨坐式单轨大坡度隧道大功率火灾排烟方案研究
唐海峰
Research on High Power Fire Smoke Exhausting Scheme for Straddle Monorail Tunnel with Large Slope
TANG Haifeng
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作者信息:中铁四院集团西南勘察设计有限公司，650220，昆明
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Affiliation:China Railway Siyuan Group Southwest Survey and Design Co., Ltd., 650220, Kunming, China
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关键词:
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Key words:
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DOI:10.16037/j.1007-869x.2025.01.056
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中图分类号/CLCN:U231.96∶U232
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栏目/Col:应用技术
摘要:
［目的］跨坐式单轨隧道因火灾功率增大，坡度增陡，导致火灾临界风速增大，排烟设备配置增加，需对跨坐式单轨大坡度隧道和大功率火灾下的排烟方案进行研究。［方法］建立1∶20缩尺模型试验平台，计算不同火源热释放率和不同坡度下的隧道临界风速。采用SES(地铁环境模拟)软件建立跨坐式单轨隧道火灾一维数值计算模型，计算不同坡度隧道所需排烟设备配置。［结果及结论］根据模型试验得到跨坐式单轨隧道在20MW大功率火灾下的临界风速值：坡度为-6%、-3%、0%、3%、6%时，对应火灾临界风速分别为3.55m/s、3.33m/s、2.91m/s、2.57m/s、2.46m/s；车站隧道风机配置风量与坡度呈线性相关：坡度为0%时，单台隧道风机风量约75m3/s；坡度为-6%时，单台隧道风机风量约110m3/s；坡度为6%时，单台隧道风机风量约46m3/s。针对洞口隧道，洞口处射流风机配置可通过车站隧道风机结合隧道坡度反算得到；针对大坡度隧道、大功率火灾，向上坡和向下坡排烟时对应的设备配置差异较大，提出优先选用向上坡排烟的方案，以减少设备投资。
Abstracts:
［Objective］ The increase of fire power and slope steepness in straddle monorail tunnel will lead to the rise of critical wind speed for fire and the addition of smoke exhausting equipment configuration. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research on the smoke exhausting scheme for the straddle monorail tunnel in the condition of large slope and high power fire. ［Method］ A 1∶20 scale model test platform is established to calculate the critical wind speed in tunnels under varying heat release rates of fire sources and different slopes.The SES (subway environment simulation) software is used to establish a numerical calculation model with one-dimension for the straddle monorail tunnel fire to calculate the configuration of smoke exhausting equipment required by tunnels with different slopes. ［Result & Conclusion］ The critical wind speed values in the straddle monorail tunnel under a high-power fire of 20 MW is obtained through a model test. When the slopes are -6%, -3%, 0%, 3%, and 6%, corresponding critical wind speeds of the fire are 3.55 m/s, 3.33 m/s, 2.91 m/s, 2.57 m/s, and 2.46 m/s respectively. The configured air volume of the station tunnel fans is linearly related to the slope: when the slope is 0%, -6%,6%, the corresponding air volume of a single tunnel fan is approximately 75 m3/s, 110 m3/s, 46 m3/s respectively. Regarding the entrance tunnel, the configuration of the jet fans at the portal can be calculated inversely with the station tunnel fans and the tunnel slope. For large slope tunnels in high-power fire conditions, the equipment configuration with uphill smoke exhausting differs significantly from that with downhill. Therefore, the uphill smoke exhausting scheme is proposed with priority to reduce equipment investment.
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