冷金属过渡焊接技术的研究及应用
岳彩月1卜峰1罗添元2郝瑞1王东阳1王雷1
Research and Application of Cold Metal Transfer Welding Technology
YUE Caiyue1BU Feng1LUO Tianyuan2HAO Rui1WANG Dongyang1WANG Lei1
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作者信息:1.中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司国铁事业部，130062，长春
2.中国第一汽车集团有限公司研发总院，130062，长春
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Affiliation:1.National Railway Division, CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co., Ltd., 130062, Changchun, China
2.R & D Institute, China FAW Group Co., Ltd., 130062, Changchun, China
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关键词:
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Key words:
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DOI:10.16037/j.1007-869x.2025.02.023
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中图分类号/CLCN:P755.1
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栏目/Col:应用技术
摘要:
［目的］为研究铝合金材料焊接变形程度与焊接方式之间的关系，特进行此项研究，旨在探索不同焊接工艺对铝合金焊接变形的影响。［方法］通过对比CMT（冷金属过渡焊接技术）与熔化极MIG（惰性气体保护焊）技术的焊接性能，详细论述了CMT焊接工艺的特点及其应用。实验过程中，针对厚度为3mm和8mm的铝板，分别采用CMT和MIG两种焊接工艺进行焊接，并观察记录焊接变形情况。［结果及结论］对于厚度为3mm的铝板，使用CMT焊接后铝板几乎没有变形，而使用MIG焊接后铝板出现了4mm焊接变形；对于厚度为8mm的铝板，虽然两种焊接工艺均会产生一定的变形，但CMT焊接后的变形量明显小于MIG焊接后的变形量。此外，使用CMT和MIG焊接工艺均能形成均匀美观的焊缝，且焊缝熔深均为0.5mm，无显著差异。因此，CMT焊接工艺在控制铝合金焊接变形方面具有显著优势，适用于对焊接变形要求较高的铝合金零部件的焊接。
Abstracts:
［Objective］ It is aimed to investigate the relationship between the welding deformation degree of aluminum alloy materials and the welding methods, with the purpose of exploring the effects of different welding processes on aluminum alloy welding deformation. ［Method］ By comparing the weldability of CMT (cold metal transfer) welding technology with that of MIG (metal inert gas) welding, the characteristics and applications of the CMT welding process are discussed in detail. During the experiment, aluminum plates with thicknesses of 3 mm and 8 mm are welded using CMT and MIG welding processes respectively, and each resulting welding deformation is observed and recorded. ［Result & Conclusion］ For 3 mm thick aluminum plates, only minimal deformation is observed after CMT welding, whereas MIG welding led to significant welding deformation of 4 mm. For 8 mm thick aluminum plates, although both welding methods result in some deformation, the deformation with CMT welding is notably less than that with MIG welding. Additionally, both CMT and MIG welding processes produce uniform and aesthetically pleasing welds, with a weld penetration depth of 0.5 mm and showing no significant difference between the two. Consequently, the CMT welding process has a significant advantage in controlling welding deformation of aluminum alloys, making it suitable for welding aluminum alloy components that require strict control over deformation.
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