市域铁路长隧道火灾灾情仿真研究
王焜
Fire Disaster Simulation of City Railway Long Tunnels
WANG Kun
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作者信息:上海申铁投资有限公司， 200032， 上海
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Affiliation:Shanghai Shen-Tie Investment Co.， Ltd.， 200032， Shanghai， China
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关键词:
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Key words:
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DOI:10.16037/j.1007-869x.20252068
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中图分类号/CLCN:U258
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栏目/Col:土建工程
摘要:
［目的］ 目前，国内市域铁路发展正处于起步阶段，市域铁路在运营车辆选型、消防设计、长大深隧道应急逃生和疏散救援等方面缺乏理论分析和实证支撑，亟待展开研究。［方法］ 以上海机场联络线工程为例，构建与之相适应的隧道列车模型，使用FDS软件进行火灾模拟，获取温度和一氧化碳浓度分布规律。［结果及结论］ 无纵向通风条件时，单洞双线隧道内火灾高温烟气自由扩散蔓延，体现为温度场、能见度场及一氧化碳浓度场基本以火源为中心呈对称分布。有纵向通风条件时，着火车厢内的温度场受影响较小，但隧道内烟气扩散特征发生很大变化，沿隧道纵向的疏散通道温度大幅下降，从而为人员疏散提供安全环境；纵向通风造成着火车厢内的烟气流动加快，能见度和一氧化碳浓度危险临界状态的到达较无纵向通风时略微提前；在封闭车厢条件下，较短时间内特征高度处温度和CO浓度即可达到对乘客逃生安全造成威胁的危险临界状态。列车失去动力无法驶向车站而被迫停留在区间内时，可就近通过联络通道进入非火灾隧道区间，再疏散至安全地区；同时，疏散平台可供乘客从列车内下车后在隧道内行走，高度与车厢地板地面平行；市域铁路风井在发生火灾等紧急危险时，也能帮助迅速排除烟气，以减少烟雾对乘客和救援人员的影响，进而缩短通风区段，为紧急疏散和救援提供条件。
Abstracts:
［Objective］ Currently， city railway development in China is still in its early stages. There is a lack of theoretical analysis and empirical support regarding rolling stock selection， fire protection design， and emergency evacuation/rescue in long and deep tunnels. Therefore， relevant research is urgently needed. ［Method］ Taking the Shanghai Suburban Railway Airport Link Line project as case study， a tunnel-train model corresponding to the project is constructed. FDS software is adopted to obtain the distribution law of temperature and carbon monoxide concentration. ［Result Conclusion］ In the absence of longitudinal ventilation， high-temperature smoke from a fire will diffuse freely within a single-tube double-track tunnel， forming a symmetrical distribution of temperature， visibility， and carbon monoxide concentration fields around the fire source. Under longitudinal ventilation conditions， the temperature field within the burning compartment is only slightly affected， but the smoke diffusion characteristics within the tunnel change significantly. The temperature along the longitudinal evacuation path in the tunnel drops substantially， providing a safer environment for passenger evacuation. However， the longitudinal ventilation also accelerates smoke movement within the burning compartment， causing a slightly earlier coming of critical thresholds for visibility and CO concentration than those in scenarios without longitudinal ventilation. Under conditions where the compartment is sealed， in a relatively short time the temperature and CO concentration at featured heights can reach dangerous critical state threatening passenger evacuation safety. If a train loses power and is forced to stop in the interval rather than reaching a station， evacuation can be carried out through the nearest link passage into the no fire tunnel interval， then from there to a safer area. Additionally， evacuation platforms allow passengers to disembark and walk within the tunnel； the platform height is level with the compartment floor. In emergency situations such as fires， ventilation shafts in city railways can rapidly exhaust smoke， reducing the impact of smoke on passengers and rescuers， shortening the affected ventilation section， and providing favorable conditions for emergency evacuation and rescue operations.
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