高速动车组客室座椅轻量化技术
贾旭
Lightweight Technology for High-speed EMU Passenger Seats
JIA Xu
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作者信息:中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司设备研发部， 130062， 长春
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Affiliation:Equipment Development Department, CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co., Ltd., 130062, Changchun, China
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Key words:
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DOI:10.16037/j.1007-869x.20253016
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中图分类号/CLCN:U270.38+7
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栏目/Col:车辆制造与列车控制
摘要:
［目的］高速动车组轻量化设计既能提升车辆性能，还能有效降低能耗。客室座椅数量多且排布均匀，是车辆轻量化重要的一环。有必要对复兴号高速动车组客室座椅进行轻量化技术研究。［方法］首先，梳理了我国高速动车组客室座椅轻量化的发展历程；然后，总结了高速动车组客室座椅的材料、结构特点及工艺性；同时，调研了日本新干线客室座椅轻量化技术现状，并进行了比对；最后，结合未来高速动车组的轻量化需求，对碳纤维材料应用进行了探索性研究。［结果及结论］目前，统型结构的客室座椅轻量化主要在于材料的替换和工艺的优化；实现了轻量化铸造镁合金在客室座椅领域的批量应用；我国客室座椅与日本新干线N700A系客室座椅在材料、结构及工艺性上具有较高的一致性；短丝碳纤维在具有缓冲结构的座椅靠背骨架上的应用技术可行，可作为未来轻量化技术储备实施方案。
Abstracts:
［Objective］ Lightweight design for high-speed EMUs (electric multiple units) enhances vehicle performance and effectively lowers energy consumption. The compartment passenger seats are numerous and evenly distributed，constituting a crucial component of vehicle lightweighting. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out research on lightweight technology of compartment passenger seats in Fuxing high-speed EMUs. ［Method］ First, the development process of lightweight compartment passenger seats in high-speed EMUs in China is reviewed. Then, the materials, structural features, and craftsmanship of high-speed EMU compartment passenger seats are summarized. In addition, the current state of lightweight technology for Japanese Shinkansen compartment passenger seat is investigated and compared. Finally, in response to future lightweighting requirements for high-speed EMUs, an exploratory study on the application of carbon fiber materials is carried out. ［Result & Conclusion］ At present, the lightweighting of standardized compartment passenger seat structures mainly focuses on material substitution and process optimization, resulting in the mass application of lightweight cast magnesium alloy in compartment passenger seats. Compartment passenger seats in China exhibit a high degree of consistency with those of the Japanese Shinkansen N700A series cars in terms of materials, structure, and craftsmanship. The application of short-fiber carbon fiber in seat backrest frames with cushioning structures is proven technically feasible, providing an effective implementation scheme as a technological reserve for future lightweighting.
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