有轨电车小半径曲线段环境噪声特性测试研究
孙继峰1赵雅纳1朱培呈1陈成1孙方遒2,3乔昶2,3
Environmental Noise Characteristics Test for Tram Running in Small Radius Curved Section
SUN Jifeng1ZHAO Yana1ZHU Peicheng1CHEN Cheng1SUN Fangqiu2,3QIAO Chang2,3
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作者信息:1.嘉兴市铁路与轨道交通投资集团有限责任公司， 314050， 嘉兴
2.生态环境部城市轨道交通振动与噪声控制工程技术中心（筹）， 100071， 北京
3.北京九州一轨环境科技股份有限公司， 100071， 北京
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Affiliation:1.Jiaxing Railway and Rail Transit Investment Group Co., Ltd., 314050, Jiaxing, China
2.Engineering Technology Center of Urban Rail Transit Vibration and Noise Control (Preparation), Ministry of Ecology and Environment, 100071, Beijing, China
3.Beijing Jiuzhouyigui Environmental Technology Co., Ltd., 100071, Beijing, China
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关键词:
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Key words:
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DOI:10.16037/j.1007－869x.20230913
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中图分类号/CLCN:U482.1
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栏目/Col:土建工程
摘要:
［目的］有轨电车在城市道路小半径曲线段运行时，因轮轨关系复杂易产生严重啸叫噪声。为此，需研究其环境噪声特性及钢轨涂油润滑的降噪效果。［方法］选取我国某有轨电车线路的典型小半径曲线断面进行环境噪声现场测试，对比分析钢轨在涂油前后噪声的A声级特性、频率特性及钢轨涂油的降噪效果。［结果及结论］有轨电车通过小半径曲线段时，啸叫噪声导致A声级骤增5~12 dB(A)，曲线内侧噪声较外侧高3~10 dB(A)；啸叫噪声主频为1 051 Hz和2 280 Hz（后者更显著），涂油后仅部分列车出现啸叫，且2 280 Hz峰值显著降低；一个涂油周期内，等效声级均值降低2.4~3.9 dB(A)，最大声级均值降低5.7~7.7 dB(A)，增加涂油频次可进一步减少啸叫并降低声级；钢轨涂油降噪效果显著，实际应用中需权衡降噪效果与材料成本以优化涂油频次。
Abstracts:
［Objective］ Due to complex wheel-rail relationships, trams are prone to generating severe whistling noise when running on small radius curved sections of urban roads. Therefore, it is necessary to study the environmental noise characteristics for trams and the noise reduction effect of rail oiling lubrication. ［Method］ A typical small radius curved section of a domestic tram line is selected for the environmental noise field test. The A-weighted sound level characteristics, frequency characteristics of rail noise before and after rail oiling, as well as the noise reduction effect of rail oiling are compared and analyzed. ［Result & Conclusion］ When trams pass through small radius curves, the whistling noise causes a sharp increase of the A-weighted sound level by 5~12 dB(A), and the noise on the curve inner side is 3~10 dB(A) higher than that on the outer side. The main frequencies of the whistling noise are 1 051 Hz and 2 280 Hz (the latter is more significant). After oiling, only some trains experience whistling, and the 2 280 Hz peak is significantly reduced. In one oiling cycle, the equivalent sound level mean value is reduced by 2.4~3.9 dB(A), and the maximum sound level mean value is reduced by 5.7~7.7 dB(A). Increasing the oiling frequency can further reduce the whistling and the sound level. The noise reduction effect of rail oiling is significant, and in practical applications, it is necessary to balance the noise reduction effect with material cost for oiling frequency optimization.
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