基于颗粒阻尼器的新型扣件参数对其阻尼比影响研究
姚煜阳韩健何远鹏黄运华
Parameters Influence of New Particle Damper-based Fastener on its Damping Ratio
YAO YuyangHAN JianHE YuanpengHUANG Yunhua
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作者信息:西南交通大学机械工程学院， 610031， 成都
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Affiliation:School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, Chengdu, China
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Key words:
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DOI:10.16037/j.1007－869x.20231150
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中图分类号/CLCN:U231.5
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栏目/Col:土建工程
摘要:
［目的］扣件刚度和阻尼是轨道系统振动与轮轨噪声的重要影响因素，尤其是扣件阻尼，直接影响轨道结构高频衰减率(钢轨噪声)和轮轨P2共振力幅值(低频振动)。为提高扣件阻尼比，特提出一种基于颗粒阻尼器的新型扣件并研究扣件参数对系统阻尼比的影响。［方法］将扣件简化为单自由度系统建立整体模型，通过离散单元法建立颗粒阻尼器模型，以扣件垂向系统阻尼比提升率为指标，以颗粒填充率和弹性垫板阻尼比为变量，研究扣件系统阻尼比的变化规律。［结果及结论］颗粒阻尼器能够显著提升扣件系统阻尼比，提升扣件的减振效果。弹性垫板阻尼比为0.070时，扣件系统阻尼比提升率最高为43.6%(填充率99.9%)；其阻尼比随着弹性垫板阻尼比的提高而降低；填充率90.0%及99.9%的综合减振效果优于填充率80.0%及以下。弹性垫板阻尼比为0.115以上时填充率90.0%扣件系统阻尼比提升率优于填充率99.9%的， 弹性垫板阻尼比为0.115以下反之。因此，对于弹性垫板阻尼比较高的扣件，优先考虑填充率99.9%的颗粒阻尼器；对于弹性垫板阻尼比较低的扣件，优先考虑填充率90.0%的颗粒阻尼器。
Abstracts:
［Objective］ Fastener stiffness and damping are important factors affecting rail system vibration and wheel-rail noise, especially the fastener damping can directly affects the high frequency attenuation rate of the rail structure (rail noise) and the amplitude of wheel-rail P2 resonance force (low frequency vibration) of track structure. To improve the fastener damping ratio, a new type of fastener based on particle damper is proposed and the influence of fastener parameters on the system damping ratio is studied. ［Method］ The fastener is simplified into a single degree of freedom system to establish an overall model of the fastener, and a particle damper model is established by the discrete element method. The variation law of the fastener system damping ratio is explored with the damping ratio lift rate of the fastener vertical system as an indicator, and the particle filling rate and the elastic pad damping ratio as the variables. ［Result & Conclusion］ Particle dampers can significantly increase the damping ratio of the fastener system and improve the fastener vibration reduction effect. When the elastic pad damping ratio is 0.070, the maximum increase rate of system damping ratio increase rate is the highest, reaching 43.6% (with a filling rate of 99.9%); this damping ratio decreases with the increase of the elastic pad damping ratio; the comprehensive vibration reduction effect of the 90.0% and 99.9% filling rates is better than that of 80.0% and below. When the elastic pad damping ratio is above 0.115, the damping ratio improvement rate of the fastener system with a filling rate of 90.0% is better than that of 99.9% filling rate, and vice versa when the damping ratio of the elastic pad is below 0.115. Therefore, for fasteners with a relatively high elastic pad damping ratio, particle dampers with a filling rate of 99.9% are preferred; for fasteners with a relatively low elastic pad damping ratio, particle dampers with a filling rate of 90.0% are prioritized.
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