载流工况下制动摩擦副匹配性研究
杜慧杰1魏江2张斌1梁博韬3
Research on Brake Friction Pairs Matching under Current-Carrying Conditions
DU Huijie1WEI Jiang2ZHANG Bin1LIANG Botao3
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作者信息:1.中车唐山机车车辆有限公司， 063035， 唐山
2.清远磁浮交通有限公司， 511500， 清远
3.南京工业大学材料科学与工程学院， 211816， 南京
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Affiliation:1.CRRC Tangshan Co., Ltd., 063035, Tangshan, China
2.QingYuan Maglev Transportation Co., Ltd., 511500, Qingyuan, China
3.College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 211816, Nanjing, China
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关键词:
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Key words:
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DOI:10.16037/j.1007－869x.20231173
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中图分类号/CLCN:U270.35
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栏目/Col:车辆制造与列车控制
摘要:
［目的］为解决磁浮车辆制动闸片在载流工况下，因电阻热和电弧热作用导致的接触表面较无电流时大幅升高，进而引起闸片摩擦因数降低和磨损率增加的问题。［方法］综合运用OLYMPUS-DSX100型数码体式显微镜、JSM-6610型扫描电子显微镜及OXFORD X-MAX50型能谱仪，系统地分析闸片磨损量、摩擦系数与磨损形貌特征；通过载流摩擦磨损试验台，探究了摩擦副表面的洛氏硬度(51.8 HRC至堆焊强化后≥50 HRC)对闸片性能的影响，揭示电流强度(0~50 A)与温度对摩擦学行为的调控机制。［结果及结论］电流介入后，电阻热与电弧热使接触面温度升高，导致材料软化、结合强度降低，磨损率较无电流工况提升2~3倍，摩擦因数下降15%~20%；堆焊耐磨层可提升摩擦副的洛氏硬度至50 HRC以上，碳化物形成有效抑制电弧烧蚀，使闸片磨损率降低50%，摩擦因数稳定于0-367 5；磨损形貌分析表明，堆焊处理可以减少犁沟与磨屑堆积，改善表面分层现象，实现摩擦副长效匹配。研究成果可为延长闸片与轨道寿命、降低运维成本(预估减少20%~30%)及保障磁浮车辆安全运营提供技术支撑。
Abstracts:
［Objective］ To address the issue in maglev vehicle pads, where under energized conditions, due to the effects of resistance heat and arc heat, the temperature of the contact surface of copper-based powder metallurgy brake pads in maglev vehicles increases significantly compared to non-energized states, resulting in a decrease in the brake pad friction coefficient and an increase in the wear rate. ［Method］ By comprehensively using the OLYMPUS-DSX100 digital stereo microscope, the JSM-6610 scanning electron microscope, and the OXFORD X-MAX50 energy spectrometer, the wear amount, friction coefficient, and wear morphology characteristics of the brake pads are systematically analyzed. Through the current-carrying friction wear test bench, the influence of the friction pair surface Rockwell hardness (51.8 HRC to ≥50 HRC after hardfacing) on the brake pad performance is investigated, revealing the regulatory mechanisms of current intensity (0~50 A) and temperature on the tribological behavior. ［Result & Conclusion］ Upon introduction of the current, the resistance heat and arc heat cause the contact surface temperature rise, resulting in material softening, reduced bonding strength, and a 2~3 times increase in wear rate compared to the nocurrent condition and 15%~20% decrease in friction coefficient. The wear-resistant hardfacing layer can increase the Rockwell hardness of the friction pair to above 50 HRC. and carbides formation can effectively inhibits arc erosion, reducing the brake pad wear rate by 50% and stabilizing the friction coefficient at 0.3675. The worn morphology analysis shows that the hardfacing treatment can reduce the furrows and the accumulation of abrasive debris, improve the surface layering phenomenon, and achieve long-term matching of the friction pair. This achievement provides a key technical support for extending the service life of brake pads and tracks, reducing operation and maintenance costs (estimated to be reduced by 20%~30%) and ensuring the safe operation of maglev vehicles.
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