基于一系钢弹簧精细化建模的车辆动力学性能研究
王爱彬1,2李立恒1奚佳欣3
Research on Vehicle Dynamics Performance Based on Primary Steel Spring Refined Modeling
WANG AibinLI LihengXI Jiaxin
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作者信息:1.1.中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司国家轨道客车工程研究中心， 130062， 长春；
2.2.西南交通大学牵引动力实验室， 611756， 成都；
3.3.吉林建筑大学基础科学部， 130118， 长春
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Affiliation:National Engineering Research Center of Railway Vehicle, CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co., Ltd., 130062, Changchun, China
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关键词:
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Key words:
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DOI:10.16037/j.1007-869x.2023.04.006
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中图分类号/CLCN:U270.331
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栏目/Col:研究报告
摘要:
为有效地模拟弹簧自身的承载状态及弹簧的故障状态，进而揭示车辆转向架的一系钢弹簧承载力学性能及一系钢弹簧断裂对车辆动力学性能的影响，以某动车组一系钢弹簧为研究对象，采用了一种弹簧本身质量参振的离散模型方法精细化弹簧建模，介绍了弹簧细化模型处理的理论和方法。根据弹簧断裂的实际情况，分析了该动车组一系钢弹簧不同位置的静态及动态承载规律,仿真分析了不同故障工况下，动车组通过直线段和曲线段时的车辆动力学性能。研究结果表明：与外侧弹簧组相比，内侧弹簧组的内、外圈弹簧的静载荷均更大，且内圈弹簧载荷仅为外圈弹簧载荷的1/2左右；在动载荷频率为20~45 Hz范围内，轴箱内侧弹簧的动载荷比外侧弹簧的动载荷大；轴箱外侧外圈弹簧在超员工况下受载最恶劣，外圈弹簧距离弹簧端部1.2圈附近，超员工况下弹簧会和底圈接触且弹簧接触载荷达到3 kN以上;单一一系钢弹簧断裂时，对车辆的平稳性影响较小，但会使车辆的安全性变得恶化，尤其当弹簧中部断裂时，车辆的脱轨系数和轮重减载率会明显增大。
Abstracts:
To effectively simulate the spring load-bearing and failure states, and to reveal the mechanical performance of vehicle bogie primary steel spring and the impact of primary steel spring fracture on vehicle dynamics performance, taking the primary steel spring of an EMU (electric multiple unit) as an example, a discrete model method spring refined modeling of spring mass-parameter vibration is adopted. The theory and method of spring fine modeling are introduced. According to the actual spring fracture cases, the static and dynamic load-bearing law of EMU primary steel springs in different positions is analyzed. The vehicle dynamics performance of EMU train passing straight and curved sections under different failure conditions are simulated and analyzed. Research results show that compared with outside spring group, the static loads of the inner and outer ring springs of inside spring group are greater, and the inner ring spring affords only about 1/2 of the outer ring spring load; in the range of 2045 Hz for dynamic load frequency, the dynamic loads of the axle box inner spring are greater than the outer spring; the loadbearing condition of the outer ring spring on the axle box outside is the worst in the case of over-crush, and the outer ring spring is 1.2-ring away from spring bottom, the spring under over-crush condition will contact the bottom ring and the spring contact load reaches over 3 kN. When a single primary steel spring fractures, there′s little impact on vehicle stability, but the vehicle safety condition would deteriorate, especially when the fracture happens at the spring middle part, the derailment coefficient and wheel load reduction rate of the vehicle increase significantly.
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