地铁火灾风险评价指标体系研究
聂传婷1池秀文2谢宇2
Research on Subway Fire Risk Evaluation Index System
NIE ChuantingCHI XiuwenXIE Yu
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作者信息:1.武汉理工大学安全科学与应急管理学院，430070，武汉
2.武汉理工大学资源与环境工程学院，430070，武汉
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Affiliation:School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, 430070, Wuhan, China
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关键词:
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Key words:
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DOI:10.16037/j.1007-869x.2023.11.027
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中图分类号/CLCN:U231.96
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栏目/Col:研究报告
摘要:
目的：为建立更加科学、合理的地铁火灾风险评价指标体系，应进一步提高地铁车站火灾风险评价的科学性，以提升地铁安全管理的水平。方法：收集了1969—2021年国内外地铁线路发生的78起火灾案例，基于案例分析法从时间和空间两个维度总结地铁火灾事故的发生规律。考虑火灾事故致因的相互关联性，对火灾要因进行整理分析，绘制出地铁火灾事故致因风险因素鱼骨图。从主、客观两个维度统计和提取事故致因关键词，确定了地铁火灾事故的致因，建立了包含8项二级指标、21项三级指标的地铁火灾风险评价指标体系。基于事故致因统计频率，进一步量化了地铁火灾风险评价指标体系中各指标的权重。应用本指标体系与鱼骨图，对1995年阿塞拜疆首都巴库市某地铁车站火灾事故进行了分析。结果及结论：安全管理、电气系统和乘客行为在地铁火灾风险评价指标体系中权重值排名前三位，这3项指标对地铁火灾事故发生率的影响高达59.3％。采用鱼骨图分析地铁火灾事件，有助于清晰、直观地找出火灾事故的根源和致因链。应有针对性地加强地铁火灾高频影响因素的管控力度，以确保地铁线路的安全运营。
Abstracts:
Objective: In order to establish a more scientific and reasonable subway fire risk assessment index system, the scientific nature of subway station fire risk assessment should be further improved to enhance the level of subway traffic management. Method: 78 fire cases in subways at home and abroad from 1969 to 2021are collected, and the rules of subway fire accident occurrence s are summarized from time and space dimensions based on the case analysis method. Considering the correlation between the causes of fire accidents, the fire causes are sorted out and analyzed, and the fishbone diagram of the risk factors caused by subway fire accidents is drawn. The key words of accident causes are counted and extracted from the subjective and objective dimensions to determine the causes of subway fire accidents, and a subway fire risk evaluation index system containing 8 secondary indicators and 21 tertiary indicators is established. Based on the statistical frequency of accident causes, the weight of each index in the subway fire risk evaluation index system is further quantified. Using this index system and fishbone diagram, the 1995 fire accident of a metro station in Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan, is analyzed. Result &Conclusion: Safety management, electrical system and passenger behavior ranked among the top three weights in the subway fire risk evaluation index system, and the impact of these three indicators on the incidence of subway fire accidents is as high as 59.3%. Using fishbone diagrams to analyze subway fire incidents helps to clearly and intuitively identify the root cause and causal chain of fire accidents. Consequently, the control of high\|frequency factors of subway fires should be strengthened in a targeted manner to ensure the safe operation of subway lines.
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