城市轨道交通直流断路器小电流开断试验研究
刘禹彤1齐阳1白坚实2孟倩钰1赵竞智1
Research on Low Current Breaking Test of DC Circuit Breakers in Urban Rail Transit
LIU YutongQI YangBAI JianshiMENG QianyuZHAO Jingzhi
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作者信息:1.国网辽宁省电力有限公司经济技术研究院， 110015， 沈阳
2.国网辽宁省电力有限公司， 110006， 沈阳
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Affiliation:Economy Technical Research Institute of Liaoning Electric Co., Ltd., 110015, Shenyang, China
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关键词:
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Key words:
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DOI:10.16037/j.1007-869x.2023.12.027
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中图分类号/CLCN:TM561∶U231.8
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栏目/Col:研究报告
摘要:
目的：城市轨道交通直流断路器开断过程中，熄弧问题将导致系统开端问题，因电弧能量小、燃烧时间长等问题会引发开断时间增加，甚至不能开断的情况。因此，需研究快速切除故障电路、保障系统供电可靠的关键部件，以保障轨道交通系统安全稳定运行。方法：针对电流开断所产生的电弧运动问题，分析了该电弧的形态和位置变化；基于直流开断过程中的电磁学原理，对城市轨道交通直流断路器进行试验研究；通过开断试验对直流断路器分析实际开断小电流过程中的多种特性；研究了触头电弧电压、电流、开断时间等参数，并分析直流断路器开断小电流的难点和原因；研究了提升小电流开断能力的方法和装置，并通过试验验证方案的可行性。结果及结论：由于电弧自身的能量和断路器结构等问题，小电流开断时间相对短路条件等大电流开断时间有所延长，而随着开断电流的变化，存在开断时间临界拐点，此时开断小电流的时间最长。同时，通过附加装置引入外磁场，可产生电磁吹弧效果，有效提升小电流开断能力。
Abstracts:
Objective: In the process of opening a DC circuit breaker in urban rail transit, the arc extinction problem can lead to system initiation issues. Problems such as low arc energy and extended burning time can cause an increase in breaking time or even situations where breaking is not impossible. Therefore, it is essential to study key components that rapidly cut off faulty circuits and ensure system power supply reliability, in order to ensure the safe and stable operation of the rail transit system. Method: In regard to the arc motion problem generated during current breaking, the form and position changes of the arc are analyzed. Based on the electromagnetic principles of DC breaking, tests are carried out on urban rail transit DC circuit breakers. Through breaking tests, various characteristics of the actual low current breaking in DC circuit breaker are analyzed. Parameters such as contact arc voltage, current, breaking time are studied, and challenges and reasons for breaking low currents are analyzed. Methods and devices to enhance the low current breaking ability are explored, and the feasibility of the proposed solutions is verified through testing. Result & Conclusion: Due to the arc′s own energy and circuit breaker structure issues, the low current breaking time is relatively longer than that for shortcircuit conditions with higher currents. With variations in breaking current, there is a critical turning point in breaking time, where the breaking time for low current is the longest. Additionally, introducing an external magnetic field through additional devices can create an electromagnetic blowing arc effect, effectively enhancing the ability to break low currents.
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