重庆轨道交通2号线列车过压斩波IGBT（绝缘栅双极型晶体管）故障分析及解决措施
谷翠军吴晓东李国银杨吉
Fault Analysis and Resolution Measures for Overvoltage Chopping IGBT of Chongqing Rail Transit Line 2 Trains
GU CuijunWU XiaodongLI GuoyinYANG Ji
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作者信息:重庆中车四方所科技有限公司， 401133， 重庆
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Affiliation:CRRC SRI Chongqing S & T Co., Ltd., 401133, Chongqing, China
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关键词:
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Key words:
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DOI:10.16037/j.1007-869x.2024.01.045
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中图分类号/CLCN:U270.38+1
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栏目/Col:应用技术
摘要:
［目的］重庆轨道交通2号线列车正线运营出现多起过压斩波IGBT(绝缘栅双极型晶体管)故障，影响了线路的正常运营，需分析故障原因，并提出解决措施。［方法］基于过压斩波原理，分析故障现象及故障机理，进而得到故障原因，建立了实物测试单元对故障原因进行试验验证，进而针对性提出解决措施。［结果及结论］由于驱动板、适配板和斩波器IGBT被击穿，故报出OVT-IGBT故障。此外，由于IGBT被击穿，过压斩波回路处于导通状态，故过压吸收电阻长时间工作致使其温度过高而损坏，触发GR(接地)故障。试验结果进一步验证，斩波器关断瞬间产生的尖峰电压是IGBT发生故障的主要原因。改进措施为：优化过压吸收回路主动放电功能，降低过压吸收回路斩波器的工作频率；优化VVVF(变压变频)控制程序，增加有斩无流故障逻辑、未斩有流故障逻辑和一旦故障便切除本故障单元的逻辑；优化驱动板的相关参数，降低IGBT的开关频率。实际结果表明，改进措施能有效解决OVT-IGBT故障问题，使牵引故障率明显下降，保证了重庆轨道交通2号线的正常运营。
Abstracts:
［Objective］ Multiple incidents of overvoltage chopping IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor) faults are observed during train main line operation of Chongqing Rail Transit Line 2, significantly impacting the line normal operation. It is aimed to analyze the root causes of these faults and put forward resolution measures. ［Method］ Based on the overvoltage chopping principle, the fault phenomena and mechanisms are analyzed, fault causes are further obtained, and a physical test unit is built to validate the identified causes through tests, thus targeted resolution measures are proposed. ［Result & Conclusion］ The reported OVT-IGBT faults are traced back to breakdowns in driver board, adapter board and chopper IGBT. Furthermore, the overvoltage chopping circuit remained in conducting state due to the IGBT breakdown, leading to prolonged service time and damage of overvoltage absorption resistor at elevated temperature, triggering GR (ground relay) faults. Test results further confirm that the peak voltage generated at the instance of chopper shutdown is the primary cause of IGBT faults. Improvement measures include optimizing the active discharge function of the overvoltage absorption circuit to reduce the working frequency of overvoltage absorption circuit chopper; enhancing VVVF (variable voltage variable frequency) control program by introducing the fault logic of chopping without current, the fault logic with current but no chopping, and immediate isolation of the faulty unit logic once a fault occurs; optimizing relevant parameters of driver board to reduce the switching frequency of IGBT. The practical results demonstrate that these improvement measures can effectively resolve the OVT-IGBT fault issues, leading to significant reduction in traction faults and ensuring the normal operation of Chongqing Rail Transit Line 2.
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