深圳地铁女士优先车厢的使用行为及感知体验分析
张心悦1韩西丽1杨博文2刘易轩3
Analysis of Usage Behavior and Perceived Experience of Female-priority Compartments in Shenzhen Metro
ZHANG Xinyue1HAN Xili1YANG Bowen2LIU Yixuan3
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作者信息:1.北京大学城市规划与设计学院， 518055， 深圳
2.清华大学美术学院， 100084， 北京
3.广州地铁设计研究院股份有限公司， 510010， 广州
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Affiliation:1.School of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University, 518055, Shenzhen, China
2.Academy of Arts & Design, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
3.Guangzhou Metro Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd., 510010, Guangzhou, China
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关键词:
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Key words:
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DOI:10.16037/j.1007-869x.2024.02.003
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中图分类号/CLCN:U270
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栏目/Col:百家论坛
摘要:
［目的］公共交通是女性进入城市公共空间的重要方式，但“性别盲”的政策与设计忽视了性别差异带来的不同需求，因此有必要对地铁内的女士优先车厢进行研究，分析女士优先车厢的使用行为及感知体验，以提升女性在公共交通中的乘坐体验。［方法］以深圳地铁女士优先车厢为例，采取行为注记法、问卷调查法和半结构式访谈法，分别针对女性乘客和男性乘客对女士优先车厢的使用行为和感知体验进行调查分析。采取行为注记法对女士优先车厢内部的人数、性别和年龄分布进行统计；采用问卷调查法和半结构式访谈法分析女士优先车厢的使用现状、乘客使用行为和乘客对女士优先车厢的态度；通过主成分分析法分析乘客对女士优先车厢的感知体验。［结果及结论］女士优先车厢设立的必要性主要体现在满足女性乘客的特殊需求、提升女性乘客在乘坐地铁时的舒适性和方便性的人文关怀上；女士优先车厢对女性乘客服务效率低下的主要原因在于，目前没有提供满足女性乘客需求的特殊设施，导致女性乘客对女士优先车厢的满意度和感知体验均一般；影响女性乘客对女士优先车厢满意度的因子权重排序由高到低为：安全性、舒适性、婴儿车停放的便捷程度、哺乳方便性、拥挤度、空气流通性、标志易读性和标志醒目性。
Abstracts:
［Objective］ Public transportation is a crucial means for women to access urban public spaces. However, policies and designs that overlook gender differences have neglected the diverse needs that arise from these distinctions. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a study on female-priority compartments within the metro system. It is aimed to analyze the usage behavior and perceived experiences of women in these designated compartments to enhance the overall commuting experience for women in public transportation. ［Method］ Taking Shenzhen Metro female-priority compartments as study case, a combination of behavioral annotation, questionnaire surveys, and semi-structured interviews is employed. Separate investigations are conducted for female and male passengers to analyze their behaviors and perceptions regarding the female-priority compartments. Behavioral annotation is used to statistically analyze the distribution of passenger number, gender and age within the female-priority compartments. Questionnaire surveys and semi-structured interviews are employed to analyze the current usage situation, passenger behaviors and attitudes toward female-priority compartments. Principal component analysis is utilized to analyze passengers perceived experiences with female-priority compartments. ［Result & Conclusion］ The necessity of establishing female-priority compartments is mainly reflected in meeting the specific needs of female passengers, providing humanistic care to enhance their comfort and convenience while commuting on the metro. The primary reason for the low service efficiency of female-priority compartments for female passengers is the absence of special facilities meeting their specific needs, resulting in an average satisfaction and perceived experience. The factors influencing female passengers′ satisfaction with female-priority compartments, ranked in descending order of factor weight, are: safety, comfort, convenience of stroller parking, ease of breastfeeding, crowdedness, air circulation, legibility and visibility of signs.
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