城市轨道交通乘务灵活排班特点及适用性分析
徐天捷
Characteristics and Applicability Analysis of Flexible Scheduling for Urban Rail Transit Crews
XU Tianjie
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作者信息:上海申通地铁集团有限公司技术中心， 201103， 上海
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Affiliation:Technology Center of Shanghai Shentong Metro Group Co., Ltd., 201103, Shanghai, China
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关键词:
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Key words:
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DOI:10.16037/j.1007-869x.2024.02.013
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中图分类号/CLCN:F530.7
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栏目/Col:研究报告
摘要:
［目的］针对国外地铁常用的乘务灵活排班方法在我国鲜有应用的问题，研究分析了灵活排班在我国地铁的适用性和面临的主要难点。［方法］介绍了地铁乘务灵活排班的主要特点；针对上海轨道交通某线路，试算了适用于该线路的灵活排班方案，并对比了任务数量等参数指标；分析归纳了灵活排班方案的技术难点和管理难点。［结果及结论］灵活排班的主要特点包括淡化固定班组概念、分散时间和地点实行出退勤制、晚班司机可不住车场、不固定轮转模式等。利用专用软件对上海地铁某线路的灵活排班方案试算结果表明，理论上最多能节省19.7%的所需司机总数，并可将月度驾驶里程数的标准差由350.50 km降低至43.02 km。我国目前采用灵活排班方案面临的主要技术难点为：方案编制难度大且需依靠专用软件、调度调整频繁需实时调整对应的乘务计划。灵活排班方案的管理难点为：管理模式需配套改革、司机不过夜易引发漏乘风险、司机认可程度不高等。现阶段我国地铁直接应用灵活排班较为困难，应逐步探索适合国情的灵活排班管理模式和优化策略。
Abstracts:
［Objective］ In view of the situation that the flexible crew scheduling method commonly used in foreign metro systems is barely applied in China, the applicability of flexible scheduling in Chinese metro system and the main challenges it faces are investigated and analyzed. ［Method］ The primary characteristics of metro flexible crew scheduling are introduced. For a specific line of Shanghai rail transit, a flexible crew scheduling scheme applicable to the line is calculated. Parameters such as the number of tasks are compared. The technical and managerial challengers of flexible crew scheduling scheme are analyzed and summarized. ［Result & Conclusion］ The main characteristics of flexible crew scheduling include the de-emphasis on fixed workgroups, the implementation of check-in and check-out at dispersed times and locations, the option for late-shift drivers to not stay at the depot overnight, and a non-fixed rotation mode. Utilizing specialized software to calculate the results of a flexible crew scheduling scheme for the Shanghai Metro line reveals theoretical savings of up to 19.7% of the total required number of drivers. Additionally, the standard deviation of monthly driving mileages can be reduced from 350.50 km to 43.02 km. The main technical challenges of applying flexible crew scheduling in China include the difficulty in formulating schemes and the reliance on specialized software, as well as real-time update of crew plans in response to frequent scheduling adjustments. Managerial challenges of the scheme include the need for complementary reforms to the management mode, the risk of missed shifts due to drivers not staying overnight, and a lack of driver acceptance. Directly implementing flexible crew scheduling in Chinese metro systems is currently challenging, which calls for a gradual exploration of flexible crew scheduling management modes and optimization strategies that suit the national context.
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