高速磁浮维修基地轨道梁连接螺栓松动对轨道结构振动影响的试验研究
薛懿铭1,2叶丰2彭龙1,2
Experimental Study of Rail Beam Joint Bolt Loosening Impact on Rail Structure Vibration in High-Speed Maglev Maintenance Base
XUE Yiming1,2YE Feng2PENG Long1,2
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作者信息:1.同济大学铁道与城市轨道交通研究院， 201804， 上海
2.同济大学磁浮交通工程技术研究中心， 201804， 上海
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Affiliation:1.Institute of Rail Transit, Tongji University, 201804, Shanghai, China
2.Maglev Transportation Engineering R &D Center, Tongji University, 201804, Shanghai, China
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关键词:
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Key words:
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DOI:10.16037/j.1007-869x.2024.04.004
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中图分类号/CLCN:U231.2+13
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栏目/Col:学术专论
摘要:
［目的］在列车调试过程中，高速磁浮维修基地钢制轨道梁可能因其特有的构造特性而产生较大振动，进而引发螺栓松动问题。此现象可能会导致轨道梁振动特性发生变化，而车轨耦合系统参数的变动又可能诱发列车和轨道的共振，进而对轨道结构造成潜在伤害。因此，需要探究螺栓松动对轨道梁结构振动的影响。［方法］在阐述试验设计方案及原理的基础上，深入探讨了螺栓松动对轨道梁轨道结构模态和动力响应特性的影响。在结构模态方面，分别采用脉冲激励和自然激励方式，对无载状态（即轨道空闲）及有载状态（即轨道被列车占用）下的轨道模态进行测试，利用随机子空间法进行模态辨识，最后通过稳定图分析了螺栓松动对两种状态下轨道模态的影响。在动力响应特性方面，在轨道上施加悬浮激励，螺栓在列车多次悬浮过程中逐渐松动，采集轨道梁的加速度响应信号，并在时域和频域两个方面对其进行了详细分析。［结果及结论］有载状态及无载状态下，螺栓松动均引起了模态频率的下降和振型的变化。在有载状态下，螺栓松动后阻尼比有较明显的增加。在静悬过程中，轨道梁与列车发生了共振，螺栓松动不仅影响了轨道梁的振幅，还改变了轨道梁振动的对称性。
Abstracts:
［Objective］ During the train debugging process, significant vibrations may occur in the steel rail beams of high-speed maglev maintenance bases due to their unique structural characteristics, potentially leading to bolt loosening issues. This phenomenon could alter the vibration characteristics of the rail beams, and changes in the parameters of the vehicle-track coupling system might induce vehicle-track resonance, posing potential harm to rail structure. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the impact of bolt loosening on the vibration of rail structures. ［Method］ After expounding the experimental design scheme and principles, the impact of bolt loosening on the modal and dynamic response characteristics of the rail beam and structure are investigated. For structural modal analysis, pulse and ambient excitations are employed to test the track modal properties under both unloaded (the rail is unoccupied) and loaded (the rail is occupied by a train) conditions. Modal identification is carried out using the method of Stochastic Subspace Identification (SSI). Finally, the impact of loose bolt on rail modal properties under both conditions are analyzed through stability diagrams. In terms of dynamic response characteristics, levitation excitation is applied to the rail, and the bolt is gradually loosened during multiple times of static levitation process. Acceleration response signals of the steel beams are collected and a detailed analysis is conducted in both time and frequency domains. ［Result & Conclusion］ Bolt loosening, under both loaded and unloaded conditions, caused a decrease in modal frequencies and a change in mode shapes. But under the loaded condition, a considerable increase in the damping ratio is observed after bolt loosening. In the static levitation process, resonance occurred between the rail beam and the train, where bolt loosening not only affected the amplitude of the rail beam vibrations but also altered the symmetry of rail beam vibrations.
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