地铁车辆构架异常振动及疲劳失效
赵伟1孙熠2魏来2刘潮涛2屈升2
Metro Vehicle Bogie Abnormal Vibration and Fatigue Failure
ZHAO Wei1SUN Yi2WEI Lai2LIU Chaotao2QU Sheng2
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作者信息:1.中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司，266111，青岛
2.西南交通大学轨道交通运载系统全国重点实验室，610031，成都
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Affiliation:1.CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co., Ltd., 266111, Qingdao, China
2.State Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Vehicle System, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, Chengdu, China
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关键词:
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Key words:
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DOI:10.16037/j.1007-869x.2024.07.038
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中图分类号/CLCN:U270.33；U279
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栏目/Col:研究报告
摘要:
［目的］随着地铁运营里程及线路条件复杂性的增加，由轮轨磨耗引起的转向架异常振动时有发生，转向架构架作为重要承载部件，需要对其在异常振动条件下的结构完整性与振动失效机理进行研究。［方法］以某地铁转向架为例，基于转向架振动传递测试和动应力数据，开展某线路地铁车辆在运营过程中构架出现的异常振动及横梁疲劳失效原因研究，分析激扰来源和振动传递路径。基于构架运营模态测试结果，分析车辆在通过典型路段时的振动加速度及横梁失效点的动应力时频特征。通过分析车轮多边形、钢轨波磨、车辆运行速度等因素，研究构架横梁动应力的幅值及其频谱特征。［结果及结论］车轮镟修前，等效应力幅值的主要超限测点集中在横梁和侧梁连接处、横梁和小纵梁连接处及横梁上部分线缆支座处；车轮镟修后，全部测点的等效应力幅值均显著降低，远小于许用应力幅值。导致构架横梁开裂的主要外部激励源为5~8阶车轮不圆，车轮不圆引起的车辆振动加剧是构架横梁线缆支座疲劳失效的直接原因。
Abstracts:
［Objective］ Due to the increase of metro operation mileages and track conditions complexity, abnormal bogie vibrations caused by wheel-rail wear often occur. Bogie frame serves as an important load-bearing component, requiring research on its structural integrity and vibration failure mechanism under abnormal vibration conditions. ［Method］ Taking a metro bogie frame as example, based on vibration transmission tests and dynamic stress data, a study is conducted on the abnormal vibration and beam fatigue failure causes of metro vehicles on a line during operation, analyzing the source of disturbance and vibration transmission path. Based on the results of frame working modal tests, the vibration acceleration and dynamic stress time-frequency characteristics at beam failure points when vehicle passing typical sections are analyzed. By analyzing influencing factors such as wheel polygon, rail corrugation, and vehicle operating speed, the amplitude and spectrum characteristics of beam dynamic stress are investigated. ［Result & Conclusion］ Before wheel reprofiling, the main measuring points where equivalent stress amplitude exceeds the limit are concentrated at the connections between beams and side beams, beams and small longitudinal beams, and the upper cable supports of beams. After wheel reprofiling, the equivalent stress amplitudes at all measuring points significantly decrease, far below the allowable stress amplitude. The main external excitation source causing beam cracking is the 5 to 8 order wheel polygon, and the exacerbated vehicle vibration caused by wheel off-roundness is the direct cause for fatigue failure of beam cable supports.
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