考虑列车整车接地的牵引电机轴电压和轴电流分析与抑制措施
陈志1赵文娟2杨湘彦3陈志文3杨少兵3宋可荐3
Analysis of Traction Motor Bearing Voltage and Bearing Current Considering Whole-train Grounding and Suppression Measures
CHEN Zhi1ZHAO Wenjuan2YANG Xiangyan3CHEN Zhiwen3YANG Shaobing3SONG Kejian3
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作者信息:1.中车南京浦镇车辆有限公司，210031，南京
2.江苏中车数字科技有限公司,210031,南京
3.北京交通大学电气工程学院，100044，北京
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Affiliation:1.CRRC Nanjing Puzhen Co., Ltd., 210031, Nanjing, China
2.Jiangsu CRRC Digital Technology Co., Ltd., 210031， Nanjing, China
3.School of Electrical Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, 100044, Beijing, China
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关键词:
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Key words:
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DOI:10.16037/j.1007-869x.2024.08.003
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中图分类号/CLCN:U231.8
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栏目/Col:学术专论
摘要:
［目的］城市轨道交通列车大多采用PWM(脉冲宽度调制)变频驱动系统，该系统在运行中经常出现轴电压与轴电流过高而导致的轴承电腐蚀问题。因此在考虑列车整车接地的条件下，有必要对牵引电机轴电压和轴电流过高的问题进行深入研究。［方法］简要解析牵引电机轴电压与轴电流形成机理。分别对两种采用不同接地方案的典型车型进行轴电流路径分析，以此为基础建立含车辆接地回路和牵引系统的高频等效电路模型，通过仿真分析两种接地方案下的轴电压、轴电流特性。对比不同轴电压、轴电流抑制措施的效果，从列车整车接地的角度提出一种电路优化设计方案。［结果及结论］接地系统优化方案有效减小了接地线缆长度，从而减小了线缆电感。该优化方案既能规避静电屏蔽法对牵引电机效率，以及碳刷接地法对保护接地的影响，又能与这两种牵引传动系统内部优化方案相兼容。仿真结果验证了该优化方案能有效降低轴电压与轴电流，同时可以兼顾车体回流与车体电位的改善。
Abstracts:
［Objective］ Most urban rail transit trains use PWM (pulse width modulation) variable frequency drive system, which often leads to bearing corrosion problems due to the excessive bearing voltage and bearing current during operation. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct in-depth research on the problem of excessive traction motor bearing voltage and bearing current considering whole-train grounding conditions. ［Method］ The formation mechanism of traction motor bearing voltage and bearing current is briefly analyzed. The bearing current paths of two typical vehicle models adopting different grounding schemes are analyzed separately. Based on this, a high-frequency equivalent circuit model containing vehicle grounding loop and traction system is established. The characteristics of bearing voltage and bearing current under two grounding schemes are simulated and analyzed. The effectiveness of different measures to suppress bearing voltage and bearing current is compared, and a circuit optimization design scheme is proposed from the perspective of whole-train grounding. ［Result & Conclusion］ The grounding system optimization scheme effectively reduces the grounding cable lengths, thereby diminishing the cable inductance. This optimization scheme can not only avoid the impact of electrostatic shielding method on traction motor efficiency and the impact of carbon brush grounding method on protective grounding, but also be compatible with the internal optimization schemes for these two traction drive systems. Simulation results verify that this optimization scheme can effectively reduce bearing voltage and bearing current while improving the return flow and potential of carbody.
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