城市轨道交通超长隧道双车追踪模式下火灾烟气控制与人员安全疏散研究
李宇辉1费瑞振2,3李芳4
Fire Smoke Control and Personnel Safety Evacuation under Dual-train Tracking Mode in Urban Rail Transit Ultra-long Tunnel
LI Yuhui1FEI Ruizhen2,3LI Fang4
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作者信息:1.南京铁道职业技术学院运输管理学院，210031，南京
2.中南大学土木工程学院，410075，长沙
3.中国铁路设计集团有限公司，300142，天津
4.南京工程学院机械工程学院，211167，南京
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Affiliation:1.Transportation Management School, Nanjing Vocational Institute of Railway Technology, 210031, Nanjing, China
2.School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, 410075, Changsha, China
3.China Railway Design Corporation, 300142, Tianjin, China
4.Mechanical Engineering School, Nanjing Institute of Technology, 211167, Nanjing, China
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关键词:
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Key words:
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DOI:10.16037/j.1007-869x.2024.08.018
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中图分类号/CLCN:U231.9
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栏目/Col:研究报告
摘要:
［目的］城市轨道交通发车间隔一般较短,在超长隧道内会出现同方向行驶两列列车的情况，一旦发生火灾容易造成重大财产损失和人员伤亡，因此需对超长隧道双车追踪模式下的火灾烟气蔓延规律和人员安全疏散策略进行研究。［方法］采用FDS(火灾动力学模拟)软件和Path-finder软件，建立超长隧道火灾模型和人员安全疏散模型，对双车追踪模式下的火灾烟气蔓延规律，以及人员疏散进行仿真分析。［结果及结论］双车追踪模式下，前车尾部着火，通过临界风速纵向通风可保证前车火灾安全；火源下游烟气前锋的蔓延速度为3.20m/s，至600s时烟气蔓延至后车，620s时烟气可完全覆盖后车；烟气温度沿隧道纵向衰减很快，且温度衰减符合双指数模型规律。双车追踪模式下，减小联络通道间距可减少人员疏散总时间，对人员疏散时离开列车的时间影响不大；开启列车端门和疏散平台一侧车门，可显著减少人员疏散时间。在超长隧道双车追踪的最不利火灾场景下，人员疏散存在困难，可通过减小联络通道间距保障人员疏散安全。
Abstracts:
［Objective］ In urban rail transit, train departure intervals are generally short, leading to situations where two trains travel in the same direction within ultra-long tunnels. In the event of a fire, this scenario can result in significant property damage and casualties. Therefore, it is crucial to study the fire smoke propagation law and personnel evacuation strategies under dual-train tracking mode in ultra-long tunnels.［Method］ Using FDS (fire dynamics simulation) software and Pathfinder software, a fire and personnel safe evacuation model for ultra-long tunnels is established to simulate and analyze the fire smoke propagation law and personnel evacuation under dual-train tracking mode.［Result & Conclusion］ In this mode, if a fire occurs at leading train rear end, the longitudinal ventilation at critical wind speed can ensure the safety of leading train during the fire. When the downstream smoke front propagates at a speed of 3.20 m/s, it will reach the trailing train after 600 seconds and fully cover it after 620 seconds. The smoke temperature attenuates rapidly along tunnel longitudinal direction, which complies with the law of a bi-exponential model. In dual-train tracking mode, reducing the spacing between connecting passages can decrease the total personnel evacuation time, resulting in minimal impact on personnel time taken to leave the train. Opening train end doors and evacuation platform side doors can significantly reduce personnel evacuation time. In the most adverse fire scenario of dual-train tracking in an ultra-long tunnel, personnel evacuation is challenging, but their safety can be ensured by reducing connecting passage spacing.
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