地铁列车动态通风特性实车测试与数值模拟
李芃1李慧梅1杨华干1徐峻2吴妍1
Real-vehicle Testing and Numerical Simulation of Dynamic Ventilation Characteristics of Metro Trains
LI Peng1LI Huimei1YANG Huagan1XU Jun2WU Yan1
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作者信息:1.同济大学机械与能源工程学院，201804，上海
2.中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司，130062，长春
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Affiliation:1.College of Mechanical Engineering, Tongji University, 201804, Shanghai, China
2.CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co., Ltd., 130062, Changchun, China
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关键词:
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Key words:
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DOI:10.16037/j.1007-869x.2024.12.037
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中图分类号/CLCN:U270.38+3
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栏目/Col:研究报告
摘要:
［目的］地铁列车在隧道运行时的风量变化会影响车厢内的空气品质及车厢内的通风效果，因此有必要对地铁列车在隧道运行时车厢内的通风特性进行研究。［方法］通过实车测试，研究列车运行状态下的新风量、排风量等通风参数的动态变化情况，分析通风系统的动态性能。基于实车测试数据，对不同运行速度下的列车通风系统工作状态进行数值模拟，进一步分析地铁列车运行时的通风特性。［结果及结论］同节车厢内送风与回风不均匀。各节车厢的送风量、排风量不平衡，送风量由头车向尾车递减，回风量由头车向尾车递增。列车提速后,风道回风量逐渐增加，新风量逐渐减小。当列车运行速度达到40km/h后，风道内出现明显的新风反向现象。列车提速时，新风口表现为较大负压且不断下降，回风口表现为较小负压且波动较小，新风口和回风口压力差增大是造成新风反向的原因。
Abstracts:
［Objective］ The airflow variation of metro train operating in tunnels affects the air quality and ventilation efficiency within the compartments. Therefore, it is necessary to study the ventilation characteristics of metro train compartments when operating in tunnels. ［Method］ Through real-vehicle testing, the dynamic variation of the ventilation parameters such as fresh air volume, exhaust volume in train operation state is studied, and the dynamic performance of the ventilation system is analyzed. Based on the in-situ test data, numerical simulations of the train ventilation system working state at different operating speeds are conducted to further analyze the ventilation characteristics of metro trains during operation. ［Result & Conclusion］ The supply and return air in a same compartment are uneven. The supply and exhaust air volumes of each compartment are unbalanced, with the supply air volume decreasing from the train front to the rear, and the return air volume increasing in the same direction. As the train accelerates, the return air volume in the air duct gradually increases, while the fresh air volume gradually decreases. When the train speed reaches 40 km/h, a significant reverse fresh air phenomenon occurs in the air duct. During train acceleration, the fresh air inlet exhibits a larger and continuously decreasing negative pressure, while the return air inlet exhibits a smaller and less fluctuating negative pressure. The increased pressure difference between the fresh air inlet and the return air inlet is the cause for the fresh air reversion.
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