超导磁浮列车超导磁场及悬浮磁场谐波分析
李真周燕洛启于青松李凯
Harmonic Analysis of Superconducting and Suspension Magnetic Fields in Superconducting
LI ZhenZHOU YanLUO QiYU QingsongLI Kai
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作者信息:中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司磁浮研究所，130062，长春
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Affiliation:Maglev Research Institute, CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co., Ltd., 130062, Changchun, China
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关键词:
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Key words:
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DOI:10.16037/j.1007-869x.2025.02.006
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中图分类号/CLCN:U266.4
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栏目/Col:学术专论
摘要:
［目的］在超导磁浮列车实际运行过程中，由于地面线圈排布高度不一致、电磁气隙较大等原因，磁场中往往含有大量的高次谐波。谐波会对列车的悬浮性能产生较大影响，应深入研究列车高速运行状态下超导磁场、悬浮磁场的电磁特性及磁场分布规律。［方法］以日本山梨试验磁浮线MLX01型列车为案例，介绍了超导磁浮列车的悬浮机理，对超导磁场和悬浮磁场的计算理论进行了阐述。建立了线圈沿列车运行方向、列车悬浮方向的磁动势分布模型，利用空间谐波法对“超导磁场—8字线圈感应电流—悬浮磁场”这一能量转换过程进行了解耦计算，分析了超导磁场中高次谐波的占比情况。基于8字线圈的结构及参数，计算得到了8字线圈的感应电流，并对8字线圈的悬浮磁场进行了谐波分析。［结果及结论］在8字线圈表面处，超导磁场的电磁感应强度主要以基波和3次谐波为主，基波幅值为1.113T，3次谐波占比约为基波的19.40%。在悬浮磁场中，磁场的电磁感应强度主要以基波和5次谐波为主，基波幅值为0.065T，5次谐波的占比约为基波的46.70%。
Abstracts:
［Objective］ During the operation of superconducting maglev trains, factors such as inconsistencies in ground coil alignment and large electromagnetic air gaps often generate significant high-order higher harmonics in the magnetic field. These harmonics considerably affect the suspension performance of the train. It is essential to study the electromagnetic characteristics and the distribution of superconducting and suspension magnetic fields under high-speed operation conditions. ［Method］ Using the MLX01 train on Yamanashi Maglev Test Line as a case study, the suspension mechanism of superconducting maglev trains is introduced, and the theoretical foundations for calculating superconducting and suspension magnetic fields are explained. The magnetomotive force distribution models of coil along the train operating and suspension directions are established. The space harmonic method is used to decouple the energy conversion process of ′superconducting magnetic field—8-shaped coil induced current—suspension magnetic field′, and to analyze the proportion of high-order harmonics in the superconducting magnetic field. Based on the 8-shaped coil structure and parameters, the induced current in 8-shaped coils is calculated, and a harmonic analysis of the suspension magnetic field is performed. ［Result & Conclusion］ On the surface of 8-shaped coils, the fundamental wave and the third harmonic dominate the superconducting magnetic field magnetic flux density, with a fundamental wave amplitude of 1.113 T, and a third harmonic proportion of 19.40% of fundamental wave. In the suspension magnetic field magnetic flux density, the fundamental wave and the fifth harmonic dominate, with a fundamental wave amplitude of 0.065 T, and a fifth harmonic proportion of 46.70% of fundamental wave.
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