直流供电空调机组在城市轨道交通车辆上的应用
康伟1赵钧2齐心1于广禄2陈园2
Application of DC Power Supply Air-conditioning Units in Urban Rail Transit Vehicles
KANG Wei1ZHAO Jun2QI Xin1YU Guanglu2CHEN Yuan2
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作者信息:1.中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司国家轨道客车工程研究中心，130062，长春
2.石家庄国祥运输设备有限公司，050035，石家庄
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Affiliation:1.National Engineering Research Center of Railway Vehicles, CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co., Ltd., 130062, Changchun, China
2.Shijiazhuang KING Transportation Equipment Co., Ltd., 050035, Shijiazhuang, China
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关键词:
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Key words:
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DOI:10.16037/j.1007-869x.2025.02.032
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中图分类号/CLCN:U270.383
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栏目/Col:应用技术
摘要:
［目的］目前城市轨道交通车辆的空调机组普遍采用AC380V电源供电模式，该模式下供电至用电终端需要经历2次电源变换，此过程不可避免地导致部分电能的损耗。鉴于此，应研究直流供电空调机组在城市轨道交通车辆中应用的可行性。［方法］介绍了常规AC380V电源供电的运行方式，对AC380V供电、DC600V供电2种模式下的空调机组电路拓扑进行了对比，同时对这2种供电模式下空调机组的内部配置进行了对比。以我国某城市轨道交通线路车辆空调机组为案例进行节能测试，分别测试了该车型下2种供电模式压缩机在不同频率下的空调机组能耗指标，并对传统异步电机风机和EC（电子换向）风机的能耗进行了对比分析。［结果及结论］与AC380V供电空调机组相比，DC600V供电空调机组取消了车辆上的2次电源转换过程，其节能效果更为显著，且DC600V供电空调机组压缩机在低频运转时的节能效果更为明显。与传统异步电机风机相比，EC风机更为节能。
Abstracts:
［Objective］ Currently, air-conditioning units in urban rail transit vehicles predominantly use an AC (alternating current) 380 V power supply mode, which requires two power conversions before reaching the end-use equipment, inevitably leading to some energy loss. Therefore, it is necessary to study the feasibility of applying DC (direct current)-powered air-conditioning units in urban rail transit vehicles. ［Method］ The operation mode of conventional AC 380V power supply is introduced, and a comparison is made between the circuit topologies of air-conditioning units under AC 380 V and DC 600 V power supply modes. The internal configurations of air-conditioning units in these two power supply modes are also compared. An energy-saving test is conducted using air-conditioning units of a rail transit vehicle in a Chinese city as example. Energy consumption indicators of the air-conditioning unit compressors under different frequencies for both power supply modes are tested, and a comparative analysis is performed on the energy consumption of conventional asynchronous motor fans and EC (electronically commutated) fans. ［Result & Conclusion］ Compared to AC 380 V-powered air-conditioning units, DC 600 V-powered units eliminate the two power conversion processes on the vehicle, achieving more significant energy saving effects. Additionally, DC 600 V-powered air-conditioning unit compressors demonstrate more pronounced energy-saving effects during low-frequency operation. Compared to conventional asynchronous motor fans, EC fans are more energy-efficient.
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