地铁列车客室气流组织特性研究
于海飞1韩崇益1屠小娥1张行健2臧建彬2
Airflow Organization Characteristics of Metro Train Passenger Compartment
YU Haifei1HAN Chongyi1TU Xiaoe1ZHANG Xingjian2ZANG Jianbin2
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作者信息:1.中车南京浦镇车辆有限公司，210031，南京
2.同济大学机械与能源工程学院，200092，上海
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Affiliation:1.CRRC Nanjing Puzhen Co., Ltd., 210031, Nanjing, China
2.School of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
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关键词:
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Key words:
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DOI:10.16037/j.1007-869x.2025.03.027
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中图分类号/CLCN:U270.38+3
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栏目/Col:研究报告
摘要:
［目的］地铁空调系统的送风舒适性是衡量其性能的重要指标。为确保乘客乘坐的舒适性，需将客室内温度、风速控制在合理区间，因此，有必要对地铁车厢内的气流组织进行深入研究。［方法］针对某地铁列车的Tc车(带司机室的拖车)客室，综合分析其车辆参数及运用环境，对风道结构实施优化。在此基础上，构建几何模型并进行网格划分。采用计算流体力学方法，结合HyperMesh和STAR-CCM+等CFD（计算流体动力学）仿真软件，模拟计算空载与满载两种工况，分析各工况下客室气流组织与温度特性，并通过试验测试进行验证对比。［结果及结论］各工况下车厢内主体流速均保持在0.5m/s以下，避免了对乘客产生显著吹风感，但仍存在气流短路与对冲现象。空载状态下，客室内气流组织与温度分布均匀性均表现良好；满载时，温度分布均匀性有所下降。优化后的风道结构展现出良好的送风效果。
Abstracts:
［Objective］ The comfort of airflow delivery in metro air-conditioning systems is a critical indicator for the performance measurement. To ensure passenger comfort, it is necessary to maintain the indoor temperature and air velocity within a reasonable range in the passenger compartments. Therefore, an in-depth study of the airflow organiztion inside metro train compartments is essential. ［Method］ Focusing on the passenger compartment of a Tc car (trailer car with driver′s cabin) in a specific metro train, a comprehensive analysis of vehicle parameters and operating environment is conducted, followed by optimization of the air duct structure. On this basis, a geometric model is constructed and meshed. Using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods and simulation tools such as HyperMesh and STAR-CCM+, the airflow organization and temperature characteristics in the compartment are simulated under both no-load and full-load conditions. Experimental tests are carried out to validate and compare the simulation results. ［Result & Conclusion］ Under all operating conditions, the main airflow velocity within the compartment remains below 0.5 m/s, avoiding significant draft discomfort for passengers. However, issues of airflow short-circuiting and counterflow are still observed. In un-load condition, the compartment exhibits good uniformity in airflow organization and temperature distribution, while in full-load condition, the temperature distribution uniformity declines. The optimized air duct structure demonstrates excellent airflow delivery performance.
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