基于点云数据的隧道超欠挖计算方法
张志鹏程文明杜润陈鹤天
Calculation Method of Tunnel Over-Under Excavation Based on Point Cloud Data
ZHANG ZhipengCHENG WenmingDU RunCHEN Hetian
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作者信息:1.西南交通大学机械工程学院， 610031， 成都
2.轨道交通运维技术与装备四川省重点实验室， 610031， 成都
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Affiliation:1.School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, Chengdu, China
2.Technology and Equipment of Rail Transit Operation and Maintenance Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, 610031, Chengdu, China
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关键词:
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Key words:
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DOI:10.16037/j.1007-869x.2025.05.026
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中图分类号/CLCN:U455.6
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栏目/Col:土建工程
摘要:
［目的］在隧道施工过程中，使用钻爆法开挖隧道始终无法避免超欠挖问题，为了准确识别超欠挖位置并对超欠挖进行计算，提出一种基于隧道纵向断面线的超欠挖计算模型。［方法］对由三维激光扫描仪采集到的点云数据进行数据预处理，并提取隧道中轴线；基于三维Delaunay算法对点云数据进行曲面重建，在曲面上提取横向和纵向断面线；通过对比横断面实际轮廓线和理论轮廓线，计算超欠挖面积；结合纵向断面线三次样条曲线拟合结果，得到单位半径占有的超欠挖面积，进而分析超欠挖面积与隧道里程之间的函数关系式。［结果及结论］结合横断面超欠挖面积和纵向断面线三次样条曲线拟合结果，沿纵断面线积分计算超欠挖方量的方法，在体积微元形状上考虑了体积微元沿隧道里程方向的变化情况，将超欠挖方量的最小单位简化为曲边棱台，能够通过积分计算超欠挖方量。将所提计算模型应用于实际隧道的超欠挖分析时，在体积微元划分相同的条件下，其计算精度较其他计算方法更高，并能通过色谱图和等值线图，直观地展示隧道超欠挖情况。
Abstracts:
［Objective］During tunnel construction using the drilling and blasting method, over-excavation and under-excavation issues are always unavoidable. To accurately identify over-under excavation positions and calculate the over-under excavation, an excavation calculation model based on tunnel longitudinal section lines is proposed for this issue. ［Method］Point cloud data collected by the 3D laser scanner are pre-processed and the tunnel central axis is extracted. The 3D Delaunay algorithm is applied for curved surface reconstruction of point cloud data, and the transverse and longitudinal section lines are extracted on the curved surface. Over-under excavation areas are calculated by comparing actual cross-section profile lines with theoretical profile lines. Combined with cubic spline curve fitting results of longitudinal section lines, the over-under excavation areas per unit radius are obtained, thereby conducting analysis of the functional relationship between over-under excavation areas and tunnel mileage. ［Result & Conclusion］Combining transverse section over-under excavation area with cubic spline curve fitting results of longitudinal section lines, and the method for calculating over-under excavation volumes by integrating along longitudinal section lines, the volume element changes along the tunnel mileage direction in terms of volume element shape are taken into account. The minimum unit of over-under excavation volumes is simplified into a curved prismoid, enabling over-under excavation volume calculation through integration. When applied to the actual tunnel over-under excavation analysis, under identical volume element division condition, the proposed calculation model demonstrates higher calculation accuracy than other calculation methods, while intuitively displaying tunnel over-under excavation situation through chromatograms and contour maps.
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