轨道车辆不锈钢点焊结构疲劳性能研究
梁炬星孙佳
Study on Fatigue Performance of Stainless Steel Spot Welded Structures for Rail Vehicles
LIANG JuxingSUN Jia
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作者信息:中车南京浦镇车辆有限公司， 210031， 南京
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Affiliation:CRRC Nanjing Puzhen Co., Ltd., 210031, Nanjing, China
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关键词:
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Key words:
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DOI:10.16037/j.1007-869x.2024.05.025
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中图分类号/CLCN:U270.1+4
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栏目/Col:研究报告
摘要:
［目的］为了提升不锈钢车体的抗疲劳性能，获取点焊接头的疲劳特性曲线，进而对不锈钢点焊车辆疲劳分析及结构设计进行指导，需对轨道车辆不锈钢点焊结构疲劳性能进行研究。［方法］归纳总结了某现有车型点焊接头的类型，并根据点焊接头的特点，制作了不锈钢电阻点焊对接接头试样和电弧击穿焊对接接头试样；根据点焊及金属材料疲劳失效原理，利用有限元分析和试验手段，对不锈钢点焊接头疲劳性能进行了试验验证及对比分析。［结果及结论］得到了12种不同类型点焊接头的载荷幅值-循环次数曲线；通过失效分析可判断出试样开裂是由焊缝热影响区表面起始，且疲劳开裂的起始与钢板表面存在沿晶的裂纹状缺陷相关；总结了焊接类型和板厚参数对于接头疲劳寿命的影响，即板厚组合相同，选择电弧击穿焊的焊接方式会使接头获得更高的疲劳寿命；焊接类型相同，板厚较大的接头，疲劳性能较优；若两板厚度相较另一类接头一大一小，则两板厚度差值较大的一方，在低载荷幅值下疲劳寿命更长，但若超出某一限值，两板厚度差值较小的一方疲劳寿命会更长。
Abstracts:
［Objective］ To enhance the fatigue resistance of stainless steel vehicle carbodies and obtain fatigue characteristic curves of spot welded joints, thereby guiding fatigue analysis and structural design of stainless steel spot welded rail vehicles, it is necessary to study the fatigue performance of stainless steel spot welded structures for rail vehicles. ［Method］ Summarizing the types of spot welded joints in an existing vehicle model, stainless steel resistance spot welding butt joint specimens and arc breakdown welding butt joint specimens are fabricated based on the characteristics of spot welded joints. According to the fatigue failure principles of spot welding and metal materials, finite element analysis and experimental methods are used to experimentally verify and compare the fatigue performance of stainless steel spot welded joints. ［Result & Conclusion］ ΔF-N curves for 12 different types of spot welded joints are obtained, through failure analysis, the cracking of the specimens originated from the surface of the heat-affected zone of the weld seam is detected, and the initiation of fatigue cracking is related to transgranular crack-like defects on the steel plate surface. The influence of welding type and plate thickness parameters on the fatigue life of joints is summarized: for the same plate thickness combination, selecting the arc breakdown welding method would result in a higher fatigue life of the joint; for joints with the same welding type, those with larger plate thickness demonstrate better fatigue performance. If the thickness of one plate is larger than the other in comparison to another type of joint, the one with a larger difference in plate thickness will have a longer fatigue life under low load amplitude. However, if a certain limit is exceeded, the one with a smaller difference in plate thickness will have a longer fatigue life.
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