面向城市轨道交通车辆牵引中心销失效分析及处置工艺研究
郑立司媛
Failure Analysis and Treatment Process of Traction Center Pins for Urban Rail Transit Vehicles
ZHENG LiSI Yuan
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作者信息:中车南京浦镇车辆有限公司， 210031， 南京
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Affiliation:CRRC Nanjing Puzhen Co., Ltd., 210031, Nanjing, China
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关键词:
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Key words:
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DOI:10.16037/j.1007-869x.2025.05.046
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中图分类号/CLCN:U270.33
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栏目/Col:车辆制造与列车控制
摘要:
目的］针对某地铁车辆在二次大修过程中发现的牵引中心销锥面存在局部裂纹、降低与牵引中心销座配合度且对车辆后续运行产生安全隐患等问题，有必对城市轨道交通车辆牵引中心销进行失效分析。［方法］采用假设分析法，结合有限元软件，研究牵引中心销在热处理阶段及车辆日常运行过程中产生的随机振动、冲击振动、特殊条件下发生的局部接触挤压、扭转变形问题，并建立了相应的有限元模型。分析不同置信区间下，牵引中心销的应力分布特征及其沿不同方向上的变形程度。［结果及结论］牵引中心销在热处理阶段积累的残余应力是后续产生局部裂纹的主要原因之一，且与车辆日常运营过程中产生的振动、挤压、扭转等因素发生耦合，可能导致锥面发生塑性流动，进而产生裂纹。在架大修期间实施合理的检修工艺，能够消除局部裂纹，延长牵引中心销的使用期限，降低锥面局部裂纹扩散的可能性。
Abstracts:
［Objective］In view of the problems found during the secondary overhaul of a subway vehicle, such as local cracks on cone surface of the traction center pin, the reduced fit with the traction center pin seat, and thus generated potential safety hazards to the subsequent operation of the vehicle, it is necessary to conduct a failure analysis on the traction center pin of urban rail transit vehicles. ［Method］Combined with finite element software, the hypothesis analysis method is adopted to study the random vibration, shock vibration, local contact extrusion and torsional deformation issues under special conditions of the traction center pin during the heat treatment stage and daily vehicle operation, a corresponding finite element model is established. The stress distribution characteristics of traction center pins under different confidence intervals and its deformation degrees along different directions are analyzed. ［Result & Conclusion］Residual stress accumulated in traction center pins during the heat treatment stage is one of the main reasons for subsequent local cracks, and its coupling with vibration, extrusion, torsion and other factors generated during vehicle daily operation, may induce plastic flow on the cone surface and then form cracks. Implementing a reasonable maintenance process during frame overhaul can eliminate local cracks, extend the service life of traction center pins, and reduce the possibility of local crack propagation on the cone surface.
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