基于包络合成的高速动车组轴箱轴承故障检测方法
王钰烁崔利通宋春元刘闯于水
Fault Detection Method for High-speed EMU Axlebox Bearings Based on Envelope Synthesis
WANG YushuoCUI LitongSONG ChunyuanLIU ChuangYU Shui
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作者信息:中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司， 130062， 长春
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Affiliation:CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co., Ltd., 130062, Changchun, China
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关键词:
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Key words:
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DOI:10.16037/j.1007-869x.20253027
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中图分类号/CLCN:U270.331+.2
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栏目/Col:车辆制造与列车控制
摘要:
［目的］高速动车组实际运行工况复杂，轴箱轴承振动加速度信号往往表现出强非线性和非平稳特性，且背景噪声干扰严重，导致传统故障诊断方法难以准确提取故障特征频率。对此，有必要提出一种基于包络合成的高速动车组轴箱轴承故障检测方法。［方法］阐述了基于包络合成的高速动车组轴箱轴承故障检测方法的检测思路：首先，通过VMD(变分模态分解)算法将轴箱振动加速度信号分解为若干IMF(本征模态函数)；然后，对所有IMF分量进行希尔伯特变换，得到各IMF的包络；再将各IMF包络进行合成重构，对重构后信号做傅里叶变换，得到强背景噪声振动信号的频谱；最后，通过判断该频谱主频是否与高速动车组轴箱轴承故障特征频率重合的方式进行故障检测。通过仿真信号试验及实车故障轴承数据对所提方法的有效性及鲁棒性进行验证。［结果及结论］基于包络合成的高速动车组轴箱轴承故障检测方法能够有效地降低背景噪声影响，使频谱中故障特征频率的振动幅值得到大幅提高。
Abstracts:
［Objective］ The actual operating conditions of high-speed EMUs (electric multiple units) are complex, and the vibration acceleration signals of axlebox bearings often exhibit strong nonlinear and non-stationary features, with significant background noise interference. Consequently, traditional fault diagnosis methods struggle to accurately extract the fault characteristic frequencies. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a fault detection method for high-speed train axlebox bearings based on envelope synthesis. ［Method］ The detection concept of the fault detection method for high-speed EMU axlebox bearings based on envelope synthesis is elaborated as follows: First, the axlebox vibration acceleration signal is decomposed into several IMF (intrinsic mode functions) using VMD (variational mode decomposition) algorithm. Then, Hilbert transform is applied to each IMF to obtain its envelope. Next, all IMF envelopes are synthesized and reconstructed, and the reconstructed signal undergoes Fourier transform to obtain the spectrum of the vibration signal under strong background noise. Finally, a fault detection is carried out by determining whether the dominant frequency in the spectrum coincides with the fault characteristic frequency of the high-speed EMU axlebox bearings. The effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method are verified using simulated signals and actual fault bearing data from real vehicles. ［Result & Conclusion］ The fault detection method for high-speed EMU axlebox bearings based on envelope synthesis can effectively reduce the influence of background noise and significantly enhance the vibration amplitude of fault characteristic frequencies in the spectrum.
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