动车组送排风系统气流组织形式对卫生间氨气挥发扩散影响的仿真分析
崔鹏翔毕凯赵金龙李祎楠韩寒
Impact Simulation Analysis of Airflow Organization in EMU Ventilation System on Ammonia Emission and Dispersion in Toilets
CUI PengxiangBI KaiZHAO JinlongLI YinanHAN Han
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作者信息:中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司， 130113， 长春
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Affiliation:CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co., Ltd., 130113, Changchun, China
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关键词:
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Key words:
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DOI:10.16037/j.1007-869x.20253028
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中图分类号/CLCN:U270.38+3∶U266.2
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栏目/Col:车辆制造与列车控制
摘要:
［目的］动车组卫生间的异味问题会直接影响乘客的舒适度和满意度。氨气是卫生间异味的主要来源之一。不同气流组织形式会影响空间中氨气的分布情况。对此，有必要分析典型动车组送排风系统气流组织形式对卫生间氨气挥发扩散的影响。［方法］基于某型动车组卫生间建立了仿真分析模型，介绍了参数的取值及仿真假设条件。仿真模拟了不同送排风系统气流组织形式下氨气质量分数分布情况，揭示了送排风系统气流组织形式对卫生间空气质量的作用及影响。基于仿真计算结果，提出优化送排风口布局、调整送排风量分配比例的改进策略。［结果及结论］卫生间内部的送风口、进风口和排风口设置对氨气质量分数有显著影响；合理的送排风系统气流组织形式能有效降低氨气质量分数。 采用卫生间顶板送风、卫生间下部排风、门板上部进风的气流组织形式，能有效驱散座便口挥发的氨气，更利于氨气排出，有效减少氨气扩散对卫生间上部的影响，进而改善动车组卫生间的空气质量。
Abstracts:
［Objective］ Odor issues in EMU (electric multiple units) toilets directly affect passenger comfort and satisfaction. Ammonia is one of the main sources of toilet odor. Different airflow organization methods influence the spatial distribution of ammonia. In response, it is necessary to analyze the impact of typical EMU ventilation system airflow organization on the emission and dispersion of toilet ammonia. ［Method］ A simulation analysis model is established based on the toilet of a certain EMU type. The parameter settings and simulation assumptions are introduced. The simulation examines the distribution of ammonia mass fraction under different airflow organization methods in the ventilation system, revealing the role and influence of ventilation system airflow organization on toilet air quality. Based on the simulation results, improvement strategies such as optimizing the layout of air supply and exhaust outlets and adjusting the supply-exhaust air volume ratio are proposed. ［Result & Conclusion］ The arrangement of air supply, intake and exhaust outlets inside the toilet has a significant impact on the ammonia mass fraction. A well-designed airflow organization in the ventilation system can effectively reduce the ammonia concentration. The airflow configuration with air supplied from the toilet ceiling, exhausted from the lower part of the toilet, and fresh air introduced from the upper part of the door panel can effectively disperse ammonia emitted from the toilet bowl, facilitate ammonia discharge, and effectively reduce its diffusion toward the upper part of the toilet, thereby improving the air quality in EMU toilets.
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