水灾场景下积水深度对地铁应急疏散的影响研究
朱文浩1朱海燕1刘志钢1沈雨欣1邵昀泓2洪敏2
Impact of Water Depth on Subway Emergency Evacuation in Flood Scenarios
ZHU Wenhao1ZHU Haiyan1LIU Zhigang1SHEN Yuxin1SHAO Yunhong2HONG Min2
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作者信息:1.上海工程技术大学城市轨道交通学院人因工程试验室， 201620， 上海
2.浙江交通职业技术学院发展规划处， 311112， 杭州
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Affiliation:1.Human Factors Engineering Laboratory, School of Urban Railway Transportation, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 201620, Shanghai, China
2.Development and Planning Department of Zhejiang Institute of Communications, 311112, Hangzhou, China
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关键词:
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Key words:
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DOI:10.16037/j.1007－869x.20231053
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中图分类号/CLCN:U231.96
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栏目/Col:运营管理
摘要:
［目的］研究水灾场景下的地铁车站疏散瓶颈，提升在水淹倒灌情况下的地铁车站人员疏散效率，为制定地铁疏散应急预案提供参考。［方法］通过无人机航拍行人走行试验，使用OpenCV(开源计算机视觉库)图像处理算法分析行人行走路径，计算出不同积水深度场景下的行人行走速度，并结合地铁安全疏散规范的要求，基于社会力模型，构建了地铁车站水灾场景下的应急疏散仿真模型，之后使用Anylogic软件进行仿真模拟。［结果及结论］积水深度越深，行人通行速度越慢，行人为保持平衡造成的左右摆动的幅度越大，若在关键区域加设支撑物能有效提升行走效率。仿真以某沿海城市的下沉广场地铁车站为例，对不同程度的淹水倒灌情况进行了仿真分析，结果表明：积水深度对行人行走速度和疏散效率有显著影响，当积水深度超过5 cm时，疏散时间会超过疏散规范要求；当积水深度达到20 cm时，6 min内安全疏散的人员比例为26.38%。水灾发生时，不及时有效组织疏散，会严重威胁地铁站的疏散安全。
Abstracts:
［Objective］ Evacuation bottlenecks for subway stations in flood scenarios are investigated to enhance subway station personnel evacuation efficiency under water inundation and backflow conditions, and provide insights for developing subway evacuation emergency plans. ［Method］ Pedestrian walking tests are conducted using drone aerial footage. OpenCV (open source computer vision) library image processing algorithms are employed to analyze pedestrians walking paths and calculate their walking speeds in carious water depth scenarios. Based on the social force model and in line with subway safety evacuation standards, an emergency evacuation simulation model for subway stations in flood scenarios is established and then simulated using Anylogic. ［Result & Conclusion］ The test results show that the deeper the water depth, the slower the pedestrian passage speed, and the greater the amplitude of the left-right swing of the pedestrians to maintain balance. If support structures are added in critical areas, pedestrian walking efficiency can be effectively improved. Taking a sunken plaza subway station in a coastal city as an example, different degrees of inundation and backflow are analyzed through simulation. Results show that the water depth has a significant impact on the walking speed and evacuation efficiency of pedestrians. When water depth is over 5 cm, the evacuation time may exceed the requirements of evacuation specifications. When water depth reaches 20 cm, the proportion of people safely evacuated within 6 minutes is 26.38%. Failure to organize timely and effective evacuation during the flood event will seriously threaten the evacuation safety of the subway station.
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