Abstract: A modular energy absorption structure of rail transit vehicle is designed, the overall design scheme of the structure, the designs of anti-climbing device, energy absorption unit and connecting beam are introduced. In accordance with the EN15227 C II collision requirements, the modular energy absorption structure is simulated and the results show that the structure can deform according to the preset deformation structure, the maximum trigger force of it is less than the overall requirement, and the plastic deformation satisfies the energy absorption requirements. The experimentation result shows the deformation and the maximum trigger force of the modular energy absorption structure can meet the general requirements, but the energy absorption of the plastic deformation is not sufficient, which needs to be improved as a result.