Abstract: The rolling bearing in the running parts of high\|speed EMU is the basis of stable operation of the vehicle, to which stable monitoring system is the key. The existing temperature monitoring system can no longer meet the requirements of the increasingly strict safety monitoring and controlling, and intelligent inspection and maintenance. The working principle and characteristics of vibration temperature composite monitoring system are expounded. The system can conduct "full situation" perception of the bearing state and the intelligent inspection and maintenance demand of the bearing transforming from time repair to state repair is gradually realized.