Abstract: With parameters such as actual operating conditions and traction power system efficiency, simulation analysis is conducted to study the energy consumption of vehicle traction power system, and tram system efficiency calculation method is put forward. Research results show that the total of energy consumption caused by vehicle basic running resistance and power consumption of on-board auxiliary power supply system accounts for about two-thirds of the vehicle total energy consumption, and the rest is generated by vehicle power system. Energy consumption generated during vehicle operation is quantitatively analyzed, providing reference for the improvement of vehicle energy utilization efficiency.