Abstract: To study the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of urban rail transit line network morphology and passenger flow, a fractal measurement method of urban rail transit network and passenger flow characteristics is established based on fractal theory and passenger flow distribution theory. Four radius dimensions and two branching dimensions are proposed to describe the complexity and variation characteristics of urban rail transit network and passenger flow. Taking Beijing Metro as an example, the rationality and validity of the method are verified on ArcGIS platform. The calculation and analysis show that both the metro network structure and passenger flow distribution within the Fifth Ring Area of Beijing have fractal characteristics, and the network supply primarily matches the demand of passengers. However, the overload of certain intervals and transfer stations is critical, meaning that the network requires densification.