Abstract: Plaxis software is adopted to establish a finite element model to analyze the influence of water level rise and fall rate on the internal force of interval shield tunnel lining. Considering the groundwater level rise and fall law in Nanchang, several working conditions are drawn. By comparing the simulation results with the monitoring data, the correctness of the model is verified, and the internal force of tunnel lining structure under each working condition is compared and analyzed. The results show that: when the water level rises, the lining bending moment decreases; when the water level falls, the lining bending moment increases; various groundwater level rise and fall rates have distinguishing influence on lining structure bending moment. When the water level rise and fall rate is greater than 0.33 m/d, the greater the rate is, the greater influence on the lining bending moment is, and the effect of the falling process is greater than that of the rising process on the lining bending moment.