Abstract: To improve rail-ground insulation condition and reduce stray current leakage, a rail composite insulation technology based on silica-based nano insulation material is proposed. With combined test verification and simulation analysis methods, tests and simulations of aging, fatigue and insulation are carried out on rail samples, inspecting the applicability of the insulation technology in improving rail-ground insulation performance.Results show that the application outcome of silica-based insulation material in rail insulation technology is good, which can effectively improve the rail-ground insulation and demonstrate good stability and reliability.