Abstract: A mathematical model of eddy current braking force is established based on eddy current braking principle, and the LECB (linear eddy current brake) 3D simulation model is established using ANSYS Maxwell software. According to control variable method, the influence of factors such as train speed, air gap, excitation current on eddy current braking characteristics is studied, and the electromagnetic characteristics under common braking and emergency braking conditions are analyzed. Research results show that the linear eddy current braking force is obviously affected by the speed. At low speed, the braking force rises rapidly and reaches the amplitude, and then decreases and becomes stable as speed increases. The excitation current and the number of excitation coil turns are positively correlated with the linear eddy current braking force, while the air gap and the conductivity of rail material are negatively correlated with the linear eddy current braking force. Under the same conditions, the braking force generated by the linear eddy current braking system with excitation coil material of aluminum is larger than with material of copper.