Abstract: Under conventional operation organization mode, the transportation capacity of urban rail transit long large lines can't meet the passenger flow demand during peak and super peak hours. It is necessary to improve long large line transportation capacity by optimizing operation organization scheme. The passenger flow characteristics of Shanghai rail transit long large lines are analyzed, as well as the main contradiction between the supply of long large line transportation capacity and the demand of passenger flow under conventional operation organization mode. A precise matching strategy for the long large line transportation capacity centered on passenger flow is introduced. Taking a certain line of Shanghai rail transit as example, the operation organization scheme of extreme transportation capacity that breaks through turn back capacity constraints is analyzed. Research results show that under conventional operation organization mode, the sectional transportation capacity during peak hours is limited by turn back capacity while adopting storage track insertion method can only increase little capacity discontinuously. The long large line interval of high sectional passenger flow during peak hours is relatively fixed, and the duration of super peak hours is short. Comprehensive strategies can be adopted, such as depot ATC (automatic train control) transformation, train insertion location optimization, train headway reduction, asymmetric routing operation, and train collection at remote depots, to form a one way operation mode and break through the line turn back capacity constraints, constituting an operation organization scheme for peak hour segments and continuous super high density. This enables precise matching of line transportation capacity with passenger flow demands during peak and super peak hours.