Abstract: Objective: To effectively prevent URT (urban rail transit) operation accidents caused by human, equipment, management and environmental factors, it is necessary to analyze URT operational safety risks and improve management levels. Method: Selecting 30 typical URT operation accident cases in China and abroad from 2003 to 2021, the fsQCA (fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis) method is employed to explore the causal pathways and core conditions of URT operation accidents. Based on six types of configuration conditions obtained from analysis, weak safety awareness, vehicle system failures, inadequate supervision and management, and adverse external environment four types of accident scenarios are summarized. Result & Conclusion: None of the six antecedent variables, including employee behavior, are necessary conditions to cause accidents. The core conditions of accidents are identified as unsafe employee behaviors, vehicle system failures, inadequate safety management, and adverse external environment. To prevent accidents related to weak safety awareness, it is necessary to strengthen employee safety awareness and enhance professional skills. For accidents related to vehicle system failures, it is recommended to carry out regular maintenance and establish vehicle maintenance database. Addressing accidents caused by inadequate supervision and management system, it is crucial to build wellformed safety operationmanagement system and strictly implement safety supervision and inspection mechanisms. To block accidents caused by adverse external environment, it is important to improve emergency response plans and enhance the emergency response capabilities of URT comprehensively.