Objective Tram lines within R&D Center parks mainly undertake the function of transporting internal passenger flows. It is necessary to conduct an in-depth study of the line operation mode in combination with factors such as passenger demands within the park, engineering conditions, and project investment.

Method Starting from the functional positioning of tram lines in the parks, an operation mode suitable for such systems is proposed. Taking Huawei Qingpu tram line in Shanghai as a case study, the single-track unidirectional operation and single-track bidirectional operation two operation modes are analyzed in detail. Under the latter's operation scheme, the forms of passing loop arrangements, the train passing process, and the train operation process are analyzed in detail. A comprehensive comparison of operational indicators for the two modes and a comparative analysis of detour time costs are conducted, and relevant factors to be considered in selecting the operation mode for park tram systems are proposed.

Result & Conclusion  Although the single-track unidirectional operation mode has certain advantages over the single-track bidirectional operation mode in terms of operational speed efficiency and service stability, it results in higher passenger detour time costs. From the perspective of overall operational efficiency and passenger travel convenience, the single-track bidirectional operation mode has greater comprehensive advantages, but it increases the complexity of operation management and the difficulty of signaling system control. Whether adopting the single-track bidirectional operation mode or not should be determined based on the functional positioning of the line, passenger demand, and line characteristics. It is recommended that, in the design of single-track line operations, civil works and signaling systems should reserve conditions for single-track bidirectional operation to enhance the flexibility of future operations.