Abstract: Objective To gain a better understanding of the development prospect of electromechanical braking system, application of the system in urban rail transit is taken as the research subject for technical discussion. The aim is to precisely address the specific context of urban rail transit and explore the unique performance and potential value of this braking system. Method Based on the composition, architecture, and functions of electromechanical braking system, its braking process is comprehensively described. A multidimensional analytical approach is adopted to break down and examine the components of the electromechanical braking system, clarifying the functions of each part and the cooperative relationships between them. An initial understanding of the system is established from the hardware foundation layer, discussing the system’s composition and functions, analyzing its technical characteristics, and progressively delving into its architectural design. Result ＆ Conclusion The electromechanical braking system offers numerous significant advantages, such as high efficiency and energy efficiency. Compared with conventional braking systems, it features a simpler structure, which reduces manufacturing and maintenance costs and lowers the risk of failures caused by structural complexity. The faster response of the system greatly enhances braking timeliness and accuracy, while its intelligent control enables real-time, precise adjustment of braking strategies, thereby optimizing braking performance.