Objective Precise stopping of high-speed trains is crucial to ensuring operational safety and efficiency. In the presence of complex factors such as open and variable operating environments, braking system time delays, and electro-pneumatic combined characteristics, existing automatic stopping methods have difficulty meeting the high-precision requirement of ±0.15 m. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a high-speed train precision stopping control method capable of adapting to multiple disturbances.

Method A refined model incorporating both dynamics and braking system is established, in which the inertial link of electric braking and the delay model of pneumatic braking are constructed, respectively. Internal and external disturbances during train operation, including basic resistance, additional resistance, and braking characteristic deviations, are modeled. On this basis, combined with terminal sliding mode control theory, an RTSMC (refined terminal sliding mode control) method is designed. By introducing a parameter adaptive strategy and fuzzy control, an ARTSMC (adaptive refined terminal sliding mode control) method is developed. The parameter adaptative law is designed using Lyapunov stability theory, and the switching gains is dynamically adjusted using fuzzy rules.

Result & Conclusion  Simulation results show that under general disturbance scenarios, the stopping error is 0.0631 m, and the stopping accuracy is improved by 73.25 % using ARTSMC method; while under severe scenarios, a stopping accuracy of 0.139 4 m can still be maintained. Batch simulations based on actual data from the Beijing–Zhangjiakou High-speed Railway further verify that the stopping error at all sections is less than 0.130 0 m. The proposed ARTSMC method demonstrates superior stopping accuracy, robustness, and passenger comfort in complex environments, providing an effective solution for precision stopping of high-speed trains.