Objective For integrated dedicated fixtures specifically used in 3D laser processing, there are limitations such as long design and manufacturing cycles and high production investment. To promote green manufacturing of rail transit equipment components, it is necessary to explore a design method for universal 3D (three-dimensional) laser processing fixtures.

Method Based on TRIZ (theory of inventive problem solving), terminal factors restricting the universality of integrated fixtures and negative functions within the fixture system are identified through causal chain analysis and functional analysis, and an overall scheme is designed using contradiction resolution principles. On this basis, focusing on system flexibility, functional component freedom degree and positioning component adaptability three key issues, a comprehensive application of contradiction resolution principles, substance-field models, technological system evolution patterns, and the smart little people method is employed to carry out structural design of core components, such as the fixture base plate assembly and functional components. Subsequently, detailed design and manufacturing of the universal 3D laser processing fixture are completed. Cutting tests and batch verification are conducted on six typical components by adopting the integral fixture and the designed universal fixture respectively.

Result & Conclusion  The designed universal fixture enables stable clamping of 6 typical components, and the kerf surfaces are smoother, with no obvious slag adhesion or overburning. These results indicate that the universal fixture has excellent compatibility and clamping stability for components of different shapes and sizes. In batch production verification, the qualification rates of all six components are improved, with an average increase of 3.9%; among them, the qualification rate of the hat-shaped bent beam increased by 5.8%.