Abstract: Objective Traditional trackway duct construction in metro suffers from high construction difficulty, long construction cycles, and high investment, necessitating an urgent solution to this challenge. Method Based on a metro engineering project, a new prefabricated assembly scheme for trackway ducts was developed; the Midas Gen finite element software was used to establish a numerical model, and fullscale specimens were fabricated to study its mechanical behavior and failure mechanism through experimental and FEM analyses. Result ＆ Conclusion The new prefabricated track-top air duct demonstrates a maximum vertical pull-out force of 1596.5 kN and a horizonal lateral resistance force of 216.7 kN, both significantly higher than the loading values under actual service conditions, indicating a high safety margin. The failure trends observed in the experiments are consistent with the finite element analysis results: during horizontal loading, cracks mostly appear at the junction between air duct side walls and base slab, while no significant damage is observed at the connection parts, indicating that the connection method in the proposed air duct scheme is rational and reliable. The study results show that finite element analysis can effectively reflect the mechanical behaviors of the new prefabricated track-top air duct under various loading conditions.