Abstract: Objective It is aimed to construct an evaluation index system for urban rail transit（URT） track structure health status based on comprehensive inspection vehicles, carrying out scientific evaluation of urban rail transit track structure health status, thereby providing a scientific basis for track structure maintenance and management. Method Leveraging the detection capabilities of urban rail comprehensive inspection vehicles, literature reviews, standard and specific analyses, and field investigations are conducted to identify the influencing factors of track structure health status. Following the scientificity, completeness, operability, hierarchy, and updatability principles, a preliminary evaluation index system for URT track structure health status is developed, consisting of 6 primary indicators and 40 secondary indicators. Based on this, a questionnaire survey is used to adjust and optimize the preliminary system, ultimately establishing a finalized evaluation index system for track structure health status based on urban rail comprehensive inspection vehicles. Result ＆ Conclusion The constructed rail structure health status evaluation index system integrates existing academic research results, established standards and specifications, industry consensus and expert insights. It provides technical support for evaluating the health status of URT track structures and serves as a decision-making basis for their maintenance and management.