Objective In complex operational scenarios, secondary trains—such as electric passenger trains with localization fails or inability to transmit position data due to faults, as well as engineering vehicles lacking onboard signaling equipment—can adopt axle counter or transponder technology for localization. However, relying solely on either technology leads to insufficient system resilience. To balance high operational efficiency with flexible maintenance demands, it is necessary to propose a dual-mode fusion scheme for secondary train localization based on axle counter and transponder technologies.

Method A dual-mode fusion scheme for secondary train localization is proposed based on an integrated design of axle counter and transponder positioning within the same CBTC （communication-based train control） system. Trackside axle counter equipment and onboard transponder positioning equipment are deployed to achieve secondary train localization. The zone controller receives precise train localization, axle counter positioning, and transponder positioning information in parallel, determining the train position envelope and calculating movement authorities for following trains according to the principle of prioritizing higher-precision localization information.

Result & Conclusion The dual-mode fusion scheme for secondary train localization not only effectively mitigates fault impacts and enhances operational efficiency, but also reduces the number of scenarios requiring manual intervention, thereby safely and efficiently tracking and detecting positions of various train types under complex conditions.