Objective In view of the multiple dilemmas, such as operational management and construction risks, faced by the fire evacuation modes of urban rail transit vehicles in China, it is necessary to study the implementation path for transforming the vehicle fire evacuation mode from 'random evacuation' to 'fixed-point evacuation', aiming to seek a balance among fire safety, transportation efficiency, and construction security.

Method A statistical analysis is conducted on the vehicle fire data of the entire Shanghai rail transit network from 2008 to 2023 to calculate the fire occurrence probability in key systems affecting train running capability. Drawing on international standards such as the European standard BS EN 45545:2013 Railway Applications - Fire Protection on Railway Vehicles, the current status of urban rail transit vehicle manufacturing technology and the reserve of relevant technical standards in China is systematically reviewed.

Result & Conclusion  The fire occurrence rate involving key systems for train running capability is 7.7×10⁻⁸ times/（car·km）, reaching the failure indicator of 'extremely remote system hazard' in civil aviation airworthiness standard grades. This verifies that driving the train to the nearest station for evacuation under fire conditions possesses extremely high empirical confidence. A fixed-point evacuation mode is proposed, centered on 'vehicle-tunnel' synergy and driven by the technical key of improving train running capability under fire conditions. Technical key points are clarified, including the 'vehicle-tunnel' linked fire protection technical correlation, technical boundaries of fire sources and fire scenarios, and running capability assessment under fire conditions. Institutional guarantees introducing independent third-party assessments of vehicle fire safety are proposed, technical viewpoints on the hierarchical management and control of residual risks are put forward, and an implementation framework covering technology and fire safety supervision is constructed.