国内外典型城市轨道交通企业运营收益情况分析
武倩楠李倩雯张苏敏
Analysis of Operating Revenue of Typical Chinese and Foreign Urban Rail Transit Companies
WU QiannanLI QianwenZHANG Sumin
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作者信息:南京铁道职业技术学院运输管理学院， 210031， 南京
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Affiliation:School of Transportation and Management, Nanjing Vocational Institute of Railway Technology, 210031, Nanjing, China
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Key words:
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DOI:10.16037/j.1007-869x.2023.08.022
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中图分类号/CLCN:F530.7
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栏目/Col:研究报告
摘要:
目的：城市轨道交通建设投资大、运营成本高，仅依靠票价收入难以达到收支平衡，但其自身具有较强的正外部性，可通过溢价回收等方式实现可持续发展。为了增强处于发展期的城市轨道交通企业盈利能力，探索可持续发展途径，需要对国内外典型城市轨道交通企业2016年以来的运营收益情况进行调查和分析。方法：从基本运营情况、主营业务和兼营业务收益情况等方面总结轨道交通企业多元化经营业务及盈利特点，分析疫情影响下各业务盈利能力，并将具有持续性收益数据的企业于2011—2015年间的收益情况进行对比。结果及结论：随着地铁运营年限的增长，折旧及摊销成本越来越高，地铁业务实现盈利会越来越困难，应尽快开展多元化经营业务；部分城市轨道交通企业经过近10年的发展已成行业标杆，政府和社会应当增强对城市轨道交通企业盈利能力的信心，在政策上予以扶持，进一步推动城市轨道交通企业商业化运营；开展兼营业务有利于增强城市轨道交通企业抗风险能力，疫情期间国内外地铁主营业务均收入锐减，毛利率大幅下降，但是多元化经营业务开展较好的企业仍能保持企业总体盈利。
Abstracts:
Objective: Urban rail transit projects involve substantial investment and high operation cost. Relying solely on ticket revenue is often insufficient to break even. However, urban rail transit systems have strong positive externalities and can achieve sustainable development through methods such as value capture. To enhance the profitability of urban rail transit companies in the development stage and explore paths for sustainable development, it is necessary to investigate and analyze the operating revenue of typical urban rail transit companies both in China and abroad since 2016. Method: From the diversification of business operation and the profit characteristics of rail transit companies based on their basic operation conditions, main and auxiliary business revenue, the profitability of various business segments under the impact of COVID19 pandemic is analyzed, and the sustainable revenue data of companies is compared with their revenue from 2011 to 2015. Result & Conclusion: With the increasing years of operation, depreciation and amortization costs for metro systems become higher, making it more challenging for metro operation to achieve profitability. It is recommended to diversify business segments as soon as possible. Some urban rail transit companies have become industry benchmarks after nearly a decade of development, the government and society should have confidence in their profitability. Supportive policies should be implemented to further promote commercialization in urban rail transit operations. Diversified business models help enhancing the resilience of urban rail transit companies. During the pandemic, both metro systems in China and abroad experienced a sharp decline in revenue from their main business segment, resulting in a significant decrease in gross profit margins. However, companies that have successfully diversified their business models can maintain overall profitability.
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