砂卵石地层大直径盾构施工的关键技术
王春波1孙建营1武亦超1方华昌2
Key Technologies of Large-diameter Shield Tunneling in Sand and Gravel Strata
WANG Chunbo1SUN Jianying1WU Yichao1FANG Huachang2
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作者信息:1.中国人民武装警察部队警官学院基础部， 610213， 成都
2.中交一公局集团有限公司, 100024, 北京
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Affiliation:1.Department of Basic, Officers College of PAP, 610213, Chengdu, China
2.China First Highway Engineering Co., Ltd., 100024, Beijing, China
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关键词:
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Key words:
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DOI:10.16037/j.1007-869x.2024.01.035
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中图分类号/CLCN:TU455.43
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栏目/Col:施工技术
摘要:
［目的］总结分析砂卵石地层大直径盾构施工中盾构机选型、盾构始发与接收、盾构掘进姿态控制等施工关键技术，并提出具体的施工控制参数与施工控制措施，以减轻刀盘刀具磨损、降低地层损失、减小地层沉降变形。［方法］针对砂卵石地层结构松散、颗粒无胶结或弱胶结、颗粒粒径大、透水性强的工程结构特性，采用理论分析、现场监测等方法，从盾构机选型、盾构始发接收、盾构掘进姿态控制、盾构刀盘刀具的检测维修等方面深入分析砂卵石地层大直径盾构施工关键技术。［结果及结论］大直径盾构的刀盘开口率、刀盘刀具类型、渣土改良方案等应根据地层结构特性进行特殊设计，且有利于盾构排渣和超前切割；盾构井端头宜采取地层注浆加固、大管棚支护、施工降水等综合加固措施以保证大盾构始发或接收时地层的稳定；大直径盾构的掘进施工应重点控制刀盘转速、出渣量、出渣温度等参数，并应适当增大注浆量，提高渣土改良效果，避免过大超挖，保证地层损失处于合理范围内。采用上述施工参数与施工措施后，盾构掘进风险可控，施工质量与施工效率明显提升，同时大大降低了施工成本。
Abstracts:
［Objective］ Key construction technologies for large-diameter shield tunneling in sand and gravel strata are summarized and analyzed, including shield machine model selection, shield launching and receiving, and shield excavation posture control. Specific construction control parameters and measures are proposed to reduce cutterhead tool wear, decrease stratum losses, and minimize land subsidence and deformation. ［Method］ Considering the engineering structural characteristics, such as the loose structure, non-cemented or weakly cemented particles, large particle size, and strong permeability of sand and gravel strata, theoretical analysis and on-site monitoring methods are employed to deeply analyze the key construction technologies for large-diameter shield tunneling in sand and gravel strata, from aspects of shield machine model selection, shield originating and receiving, shield excavation posture control, as well as shield cutterhead tool detection-maintenance. ［Result & Conclusion］ The cutterhead opening rate, cutterhead tool models, and spoil improvement scheme of large-diameter shield should be specially designed according to the stratigraphical structure characteristics, facilitating efficient shield spoil discharge and advance cutting. Comprehensive reinforcement measures, such as stratum grouting consolidation, large pipe shed support, and construction dewatering, should be adopted at shield tunnel shaft end to ensure strata stability during large-diameter shield launching or receiving. In large-diameter shield tunneling, the control of parameters such as cutterhead rotational speed, spoil discharge rate, and spoil discharge temperature should be emphasized, along with appropriate increases in grouting volume to improve spoil modification effects and avoid excessive over-excavation, keeping stratum losses within a reasonable range. By implementing the aforementioned construction parameters and measures, the risk of shield excavation can be controlled, while significantly enhancing construction quality and efficiency, and substantially reducing construction costs.
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