城市轨道交通大型换乘车站应急防灾设计
周兵文鹏
Emergency Disaster Prevention Design for Large Urban Rail Transit Transfer Station
ZHOU BingWEN Peng
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作者信息:中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司, 430063, 武汉
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Affiliation:China Railway Siyuan Survey and Design Group Co., Ltd., 430063, Wuhan, China
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Key words:
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DOI:10.16037/j.1007-869x.2024.03.041
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中图分类号/CLCN:U231+.96∶U231.4
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栏目/Col:应用技术
摘要:
［目的］鉴于大型城市轨道交通(以下简称“城轨”)换乘车站数量不断增加，以及该类车站具有埋深较大、人员密集、逃生救援场地受限的特征，应急防灾难度和压力十分突出，因此需要对此类型车站的应急防灾进行设计。［方法］以武汉光谷广场综合体工程作为实际案例，从火灾防护、大客流防护、洪涝防护、恐袭防护及突发疫情防护等5个重点方面，分析大型城市轨道交通车站所面临的灾害特征，结合方案设计、模拟仿真、计算分析等方式，对不同类型的灾害提出解决方案。［结果及结论］采用开放式的建筑布局和贯通的人行交通层，结合自然排烟与下沉广场设置准安全区，是困难条件下大型地下空间的有效消防措施；结合车站特点分析客流高峰情况，对不同时段、不同类型的使用人群进行分类，并设置相对独立、交叉少的流线，以有效地进行大客流防护；除常规的洪涝防护措施外，提高与周边地下空间的硬隔离措施，如增加防淹门是作为洪涝防护的必要手段；提高站内的通透性，快速疏解乘客，避免堵塞滞留可有效防护恐怖袭击；对于突发疫情防护，应严格按照我国相关管理规定，落实日常防控管理，适时采取一般疫情或较大疫情响应措施。
Abstracts:
［Objective］ In view of the increasing number of large-scale transfer stations in urban rail transit, which are characterized by deep burial depth, intensive personnel, limited escape and rescue sites, the difficulty and pressure of emergency and disaster prevention is very prominent. It is necessary to design the emergency and disaster prevention for such type of stations. ［Method］ With Optics Valley Plaza Complex in Wuhan as a practical case, the disaster characteristics faced by the large-scale transfer station are analyzed from five key aspects i.e. fire prevention, large passenger flow prevention, flood prevention, terrorist attack prevention and emergency epidemic protection. Solutions to the different types of disasters are proposed in combination with scheme design, simulation, calculation and analysis. ［Result & Conclusion］ Using open building layout and run-through pedestrian traffic layer, and setting up quasi-safety areas with natural smoke exhaust and sunken square are the effective fire prevention measures for the large underground space under difficult conditions. Analyzing the peak passenger flow based on the characteristics of the station, classifying the users of different types and in different periods, and setting up relatively independent and less crossover flow lines are the ways to effectively prevent large passenger flow. In addition to conventional flood prevention measures, strengthening hard isolation measures from surrounding underground spaces, such as adding flood doors, is a necessary means of flood prevention. Keeping the station clear, evacuating passengers quickly, and avoiding passengers′ stagnation can effectively prevent terrorist attacks. In response to sudden epidemics, daily prevention and control management should be strictly implemented in accordance with China′s relevant national regulations, and general or larger epidemic response measures should be taken in a timely manner.
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