定时约束下有轨电车区间节能速度曲线优化算法
童文聪1,2滕靖1,2姚幸3李君羡1,2
Optimal Algorithm of Tram Section Energy-saving Speed Curve under Fixed Time Constraint
TONG Wencong1,2TENG Jing1,2YAO Xing3LI Junxian1,2
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作者信息:1.同济大学交通运输工程学院，201804，上海
2.上海市轨道交通结构耐久与系统安全重点实验室，201804，上海
3.上海城建设计研究总院，200125，上海
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Affiliation:1.College of Transportation Engineering, Tongji University, 201804, Shanghai, China
2.Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rail Infrastructure Durability and System Safety, 201804, Shanghai, China
3.Shanghai Urban Construction Design & Research Institute, 200125, Shanghai, China
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关键词:
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Key words:
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DOI:10.16037/j.1007-869x.2024.06.044
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中图分类号/CLCN:U482.1
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栏目/Col:应用技术
摘要:
［目的］考虑能耗因素的有轨电车运行控制方案计算需要进行大量节能曲线计算。为建立精确、高效的区间节能速度曲线寻优模型，需要针对有轨电车车速慢、区间间距短和较少长大坡段的特性，研究定时约束条件下基于时间步长搜索的节能速度曲线优化算法。［方法］在实现基础遍历搜索的基础上，通过边界分析缩小可行解搜索范围；针对有轨电车加速时长给定的情况，提出基于定加速时长的节能优化算法，避免在陡下坡段时执行非必要的制动，并采用二分法加快方案搜索速度；针对有轨电车加速时长未定的情况，在有轨电车巡航段及惰行段不产生额外制动的前提下，给出基于能耗变化敏感度的改进搜索方法，有助于快速锁定最优加速时间。［结果及结论］与既有数值分析法相比，本算法基于步长搜索替代复杂的积分过程，简化的运算流程；测试数据显示，算法在典型有轨电车运行区间单次运算时间不超过1 ms，相比常规的遗传算法，计算速度有较大的提升。算法可通过变更步长方式来调整运算精度和速度指标，可作为有轨电车线路节能运算的基础算法。
Abstracts:
［Objective］ Calculation of tram operation control scheme taking into account energy consumption requires a great deal of calculation of the energy-saving speed profile.In order to establish an accurate and efficient optimal model for the energy-saving speed curve of tram sections, it is necessary to study the optimal algorithm of the energy-saving speed curve based on time-step search and under time-fixed constraints while considering the tram characteristics of low speed, short section and fewer long steep slopes. ［Method］ On the basis of implementing basic ergodic search, the search range of the feasible solution is narrowed down by boundary analysis. Under the condition that the tram acceleration duration is given, an optimized energy-saving algorithm based on fixed acceleration duration is proposed to avoid unnecessary braking in steep downhill section, and a dichotomy method is used to expedite the search.When the tram acceleration duration is not fixed, under the premise of no additional braking during the tram cruise and coasting, an improved search method based on being sensitive to energy consumption change is proposed, which is helpful to determine the optimal acceleration time quickly. ［Result & Conclusion］ Compared with the existing numerical analysis method, the proposed algorithm based on time-step search replaces the complex integration process, simplifying the computational process.The test data shows that the algorithm takes less than 1ms to finish a single operation in a typical tram operation section,and greatly improves the calculation speed compared with the conventional genetic algorithm. The algorithm can adjust the calculation precision and speed index by changing the time step size, and can serve as the basic algorithm of energy-saving calculation for tram lines.
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