轨道交通车辆转向架轴箱轴承故障声学特性分析
邓聪1宋冬利1陈之恒1董俭雄1郑则君1贾晨1田光荣2
Acoustic Characteristics Analysis of Rail Transit Vehicle Bogie Axle Box Bearing Faults
DENG Cong1SONG Dongli1CHEN Zhiheng1DONG Jianxiong1ZHENG Zejun1JIA Chen1TIAN Guangrong2
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作者信息:1.西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室，610031，成都
2.中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司，100081，北京
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Affiliation:1.State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, Chengdu, China
2.China Academy of Railway Sciences Group Co., Ltd., 100081, Beijing, China
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关键词:
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Key words:
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DOI:10.16037/j.1007-869x.2024.08.004
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中图分类号/CLCN:U260.331+2
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栏目/Col:学术专论
摘要:
［目的］为解决轨道交通车辆转向架轴箱轴承在轨道服役工况下故障难以辨别的问题，需对该故障声学特性进行研究。［方法］以轨道交通车辆转向架故障轴箱轴承为研究对象，考虑外加载荷和激励，引入非规则故障，结合转子-轴承系统，建立了轴箱轴承系统动力学模型。依据脉动点声源辐射方式，采用数值仿真软件搭建了轴承内外圈非规则故障声音信号模型,探究了轴箱轴承在轨道服役工况下内外圈故障特性，以及载荷、转速对轴承声音信号特征参数的影响。利用轴箱轴承试验台进行了不同工况下故障轴承声音信号试验，并对其结果进行了分析。［结果及结论］内、外圈故障轴承和正常轴承声音信号都会出现对应的特征频率和倍频，但内圈故障轴承声音信号的倍频附近会出现转频的调制频率。随着转速递增，内、外圈故障轴承和正常轴承的特征参数均会出现特有且明显的正相关趋势，其中时域波形指标随转速增大而减小，特征频率幅值随转速增大而线性递增。随着载荷递增，内、外圈故障轴承和正常轴承的特征参数均会出现特有且明显的正相关趋势，其中时域方差指标随载荷增大而增大，特征频率幅值随载荷增大而线性递增。
Abstracts:
［Objective］ To address the challenge of difficult fault identification in rail transit vehicle bogie axle box bearings under rail service conditions, it is necessary to investigate the acoustic characteristics of these faults. ［Method］ Focusing on the faulty axle box bearings of rail transit vehicle bogies as research object, by adding external loads and excitations and introducing irregular faults, a dynamics model of the axle box bearing system is established in conjunction with the rotor-bearing system. Based on the pulsating point sound source radiation method, numerical simulation software is used to construct an irregular fault sound signal model for the inner and outer rings of the bearings. The fault characteristics of inner and outer rings of axle box bearings under rail service conditions, the impact of load and rotational speed on the fault characteristics parameters of bearing sound signals are explored. Experiments are conducted on an axle box bearing test bench under different working conditions to capture the acoustic sound signals of faulty bearings, and the results are analyzed. ［Result & Conclusion］ The sound signals of both faulty and normal bearings of inner and outer rings exhibit corresponding characteristic frequencies and harmonics. However, there are modulation frequencies of the rotational frequencies near the harmonics of the inner ring fault bearing sound signals. As the rotational speed increases, the characteristic parameters of both inner and outer ring faulty and normal bearings exhibit a distinctive and obvious positive correlation trend. Specifically, the time-domain waveform indicators decrease with increasing rotational speed, while the amplitude of the characteristic frequencies increases linearly with rotational speed. As the load increases, the characteristic parameters of both inner and outer ring faulty and normal bearings also all show a distinctive and obvious positive correlation, among which the time-domain variance indicators increase with higher loads, and the amplitude of the characteristic frequencies increases linearly as load increases.
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